Graham vs Connor

Graham versus Connor On February 21st, 1989 Dethorn Graham, a diabetic was having an insulin type response. He called his companion Berry and inquired as to whether he could get him and take him to purchase juice from the neighborhood accommodation store to stop the response. At the point when he showed up at the store Graham saw the long queue at the sales register and chose the hold up was excessively long. He came up short on the store and got again into Berry’s vehicle and inquired as to whether he could take him to a friend’s house around the corner.A city cop, Connor, was on watch when he saw Graham enter the store and leave rapidly, and got dubious. The official followed Berry’s vehicle and played out an insightful stop. Connor had the two men sit and pause while the official ensured nothing had gone on within the store. Reacting back up police showed up on scene and didn't tune in to Graham’s clarification of his condition. The cuffed him and ruffe d him up a little all the while, Graham got different injuries.Officer Connor let Graham follow finding that he had done nothing incorrectly. Graham continued different wounds. Graham documented a claim in the District Court under against all respondents, expressing that Connor and different officials had utilized over the top power in making the stop, infringing upon Graham’s fourteenth amendment. For this situation there are numerous things that Graham and Connor could do any other way. Being a diabetic I accept that Graham ought to have been given an insulin shot and he ought to have it on him at all times.Also when entering the store I accept that Graham ought to have alarmed a worked or the individuals in line that he was having a response and to permit him to move to the front of the line. I accept that Graham could have been more pleasant to the official, when he was in the vehicle Graham expressed, â€Å"If he believes I will stay here in the vehicle while I'm kickin g the bucket to sit tight for him to discover something when there truly is nothing. (1)† If he would have disclosed to the official that he was having a sugar type response the official may have been more helpful.There were a couple of things that the official did that he could have done any other way to stop any issues. First Connor worked admirably in making an examination stop, because of the dubiousness Graham showed. When Connor pulled over Berry and saw some kind of problem with Graham that ought to have become the fundamental focal point of the official. After Berry told the workplace that his companion was having an insulin type response, Connor ought to have quickly called an emergency vehicle. Thusly there is no issue and that Graham would not be in harm.The officials ought not have been as extreme as they were with Graham, except if he was battling, at that point the suitable power ought to have been utilized. On the off chance that not, at that point the power was superfluous. I accept that the officials were not directly in what they did. I accept that Graham had a genuine ailment and was not being treated for it. I accept the power utilized against Graham was utilized not to ensure yet to noble motivation hurt. There was no demonstrated proof that graham did anything wrong.The official was going all off what he accepted may have been a wrongdoing, and over the long haul could have made an increasingly genuine physical issue Graham. I don't accept that an individual should simply have the option to grumble that they were being abused without and proof, since that would happen time after time by individuals who need income sans work. Work Cited (1) â€Å"Graham v. Connor, Trial Record. † Graham v. Connor, Trial Record. N. p. , n. d. Web. 08 Apr. 2013. (2) â€Å"Graham v. Connor †490 U. S. 386 (1989). † Justia US Supreme Court Center. N. p. , n. d. Web. 8 Apr. 2013.

Paper on Critically Examining the Educational Policy of Malaysia Free Essays

string(111) Policy matters in instruction with more extensive consequences are alluded to Cabinet before official choices are made. Malaysia is one of the world’s quickest developing monetary areas, a quickly developing country in the core of South East Asia. Inside a range of two decades, it has prevailing with regards to achieving financial change of the general public; from its engineering to its way of life, the Malaysian character discusses an agreeable conjunction of its ethnic, social just as strict assorted variety that keeps on being a piece of this country’s enchant and useful reality. Malaysia’s Vision 2020 cows the country towards turning into a completely created and industrialized nation, a vote based society that is solid in strict and profound qualities, a general public that is liberal and open minded, logical and dynamic, inventive and forward looking. We will compose a custom article test on Paper on Critically Examining the Educational Policy of Malaysia or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now This objective is reflected in the crucial the Ministry of Education, that is: â€Å"To build up a world class quality instruction framework which will understand the maximum capacity of the individual and satisfy the goal of the Malaysian nation.† Instruction has given a strong stage to country’s political just as monetary solidness with the end goal of building up Malaysia as a local community for scholarly greatness and transforming training into a top quality fare item. The Malaysian training framework has outfitted its youngsters with a degree of ability and aptitudes which has placed them comparable to the top understudies in a portion of the world’s best colleges, and at 93%, Malaysia’s education rate is one of the most noteworthy on the planet. The paper focuses on fundamentally looking at the instructive approach of the Ministry of Education Malaysia, with portrayal of social, administrative and financial situations in which the strategy was created. Viability of the arrangement will be assessed and issues identified with it will be additionally featured, with correlation with the one of the models from class address, for example the gradual model of open approach. The establishment for the advancement of the national training framework lays on the National Philosophy of Education, which expresses that: Education in Malaysia is an on-going exertion towards further building up the capability of people in an all encompassing and coordinated way, in order to create people who are mentally, profoundly, genuinely and truly adjusted and agreeable, in light of a firm confidence in and commitment to God. Malaysia being a multi-relligious nation, otherworldly, strict and moral qualities of the people are profoundly underlined and empowered, which is obvious from the national way of thinking too. Such an exertion is intended to create Malaysian residents who are educated and skillful, who have high good measures, and who are mindful and equipped for accomplishing significant level of individual prosperity just as ready to add to the congruity and advancement of the family, the general public and the country on the loose. One of the most noteworthy changes started as of late is the detailing of new enactment on training, which will influence the procedure of instructive changes from pre-school to advanced education. The Education Act 1996 supplanting the former one of 1961 targets solidifying the national arrangement of training and enlarge the extent of instruction in the nation. All classes of schools, except for worldwide ones will be fused under the national arrangement of training, which is described by the utilization of a typical mechanism of guidance, a broadly excepted educational program and basic open tests. It will likewise cover such territories as updating and upgrading of pre-school instruction, instructor training, specialized curriculum, private and specialized training. It gives the training more prominent noticeable quality, guaranteeing importance and quality in the arrangement of instruction. The Ministry of Education is legitimately liable for the association, the executives and advancement of the training in the nation and has an incorporated arrangement of instructive organization headed by the Minister of Education. Hello there is helped by two Deputy Ministers of Education. The secretary-general of Education is liable for the regulatory issues, and the Director-General of Education is worried about expert issues, and both are legitimately dependable to the Minister of Education. â€Å"The Ministry was rebuilt in 1995† and under this new structure there are six head Departments, for example, Pre-school, Primary and Secondary Education Department, Department of Higher Education which arranges administration and approach detailing of state funded colleges and advanced education foundations in the nation; Technical Education Department which is liable for directing exploration, arranging and executing specialized and professional projects; Department of Private Education which screens and controls the improvement of private schooling in the nation; Department of Special Education; and Department of Islamic Education which regulates the Islamic and Moral Education at all open essential and auxiliary schools. Other than these six Departments, there are a few Divisions, organizations and legal bodies inside the Ministry of Education that are answerable for proficient and regulatory issues that are not dealt with by the six Departments. They can be characterized under two general classifications, in particular Professional and Administrative Divisions. Under Professional Divisions are: Educational Planning and Research Division, which attempts large scale instructive arranging, and screens the execution of instructive approaches and projects; Educational Technology Division, which overhauls the nature of the educating learning process by giving instructive media and mechanical administrations to help instructive projects; Examinations Syndicate answerable for sorting out, administrating and directing every single open assessment for schools; and Federal Inspectorate of Schools, giving proficient oversight on the educating learning procedure of instructors and administrative administration to class principals. Under Administrative Divisions, there are Organizational Development and Services Division, which regulates the execution of the terms and states of the instruction administration; Scholarship Division; Management Services Division liable for taking care of general authoritative issues for the Ministry of Education; Financial Division; Information Systems Division and International Relations Division. The regulatory structure is sorted out at four progressive levels, to be specific, national, state, area and school. An arrangement of councils is built up in the Ministry of Education to encourage between division and intra-division dynamic. The Minister seats the Education Planning Committee, which is the most elevated dynamic body at the government level worried about instructive arrangement reception, alteration and execution. Approach matters in instruction with more extensive implications are alluded to Cabinet before official choices are made. You read Paper on Critically Examining the Educational Policy of Malaysia in class Papers b) State Education Department (SED) Those instructive strategies and plans made at the government level are executed at the state level through the State Education Department. It oversees the usage of training approaches, screen national instruction projects, task and exercises, just as giving input to the focal organizations for general arranging. Region Education Offices are set up in practically all states, with the exception of Perlis, Malacca and the Federal Territories, so as to help the state level authoritative framework. It fundamentally gives the linkage among schools and the SED. At the degree of school, the Headmasters/Principals, helped by a few Senior Assistants are liable for giving proficient just as managerial authority in schools. The Parent-Teacher Associations (PTA) encourage better participation between the school and the network. Malaysia gives 11 years of free tutoring. Training is the duty of the Federal Government, and 20,4% of the yearly National Budget is assigned for instruction. The national instruction framework includes training starting from pre-school to advanced education. Essential and auxiliary instruction is free however not obligatory. Greatness has been accomplished through a painstakingly planned framework that permits adaptability and space for singular methodologies. This is extremely evident at the pre-school and again at tertiary level. Anyway essential and optional instruction is profoundly organized, with an educational plan which empowers the sound procurement of central information and aptitudes. The confirmation age to the principal year of essential training is six. Most schools in the nation are government or government-helped schools. The school year begins in January and finishes in November. Understudies sit for normal tests toward the end off essential, lower optional, upper auxiliary and 6th structure levels. The essential level covers a time of between five to seven years, the lower optional three years, trailed by two years at the upper auxiliary and an additional two years at the post optional level. Tertiary instruction in both the scholastic and expert fields id gave by colleges universities and other open and private establishments of advanced education as appeared in Chart 1. Pre-school instruction id part of the national training framework under the Education Act, 1996. The point of pre-school instruction is to give a firm establishment to formal training at the later stage. They are controlled by government offices, non-legislative associations (NGO’s) just as private organizations. Youngsters for the most part start their pre-school level be

Why You Should Always Write Down Your Bad Business Ideas

Why You Should Always Write Down Your Bad Business Ideas It’s the middle of the night and you suddenly wake up with a business idea in your mind â€" while still sleepy, you don’t write the idea down since you feel it is bad one anyways. This is just one example of a time when a business idea may strike you at an unexpected time.An idea that may seem outwardly absurd may not necessarily count as a bad business idea. Bad business ideas are those that are ill-thought and under-developed; which makes them highly likely to fail in the business world.There are a number of forces at play that can contribute towards failure of a particular business idea. These include lack of available resources, lack of demand for the product/service, poor marketing/positioning, etc. © Shutterstock.com | KazitafahnizeerIn this article, we will start with 1) what to do with all the ideas that you get, and continue then with 2) how to know if your idea is bad, 3) reasons why you shouldnt discard your bad business ideas, 4) examples of bad ideas that made it successfully into the business world, and 5) examples of bad ideas which you could fine-tune.WHAT TO DO WITH ALL THE IDEAS THAT YOU GET?The best way to increase your chances of coming up with the perfectly successful business idea is to come up with as many ideas as possible; so you have a lot to select from. Remember, you cannot force a great idea to come to you but you can create a process that can help you identify good business ideas from all the different ideas you have:Brainstorm Create an IdeaYou must have heard of the saying ‘a watched pot never boils’? It’s kind of the same with business ideas.Ideas are everywhere; you just need to open up your mind towards them. There are numerous stimulators a nd they aren’t necessarily going to work when you especially sit down and spend some dedicated time towards brainstorming. Let your mind run free; listen to music, watch the sunrise, go out shopping â€" whatever eases your mind and clears the traffic in your mind so that ideas find a way in.Keep Track of Every Idea You GetYour memory may be good but it still can’t beat a pen and a paper. Whenever any business idea strikes you, just jot down a few quick words, which can help you remember the entire idea, later on. Carrying a small notebook in your pocket or using an app on your smartphone can come quite in handy.Just make sure that your method of noting down ideas is one of the quickest ones possible; the quicker you are able to note down the idea the more the chances that you will take a pause from what you are actually doing to note down the idea.Categorize Organize your IdeasA food store, an online help rental, a health consultancy, an app, a cosmetic discovery, a pet care bu siness â€" are all your ideas drastically different from one another? Do you use too many idea storage devices? You may never get to discover and act upon a good idea unless you keep your ideas organized; and one of the best ways of doing so is categorizing them.Just think of a few broad categories (e.g. online business ideas, transportation related ideas, ideas for entertainment industry) and arrange your ideas into categories.Get Feedback Analyze your Ideas so You Can Sort Out the Really Bad IdeasAs you keep generating more and more ideas, revisiting each one of them may divide your attention and thus, shift your focus from the few good ones that you may have in your list. Therefore, every now and then when you are going through the ideas, be honest about identifying the ones you haven’t used in the past year and aren’t planning on using any time in the near future, and just discard them.By getting rid of the useless ideas, you make more room in your mind to focus on the ones that may really work.Make Research Select the Best Idea from Your ListActions speak louder than words. Sure, it is a cliché but the perfect cliché as far as business ideas are concerned. The best thought business idea is worth nothing unless you take action on the idea and turn the words into reality.So pick the most workable ideas, do thorough research on them, make a proper strategy, and begin working on them. As you move ahead, keep shortlisting your list of ideas by removing the ones you feel won’t work until you are left with the one that you feel most passionate about. Keep developing that idea until it turns into a business; that is the best way to cash your best business ideas.HOW TO KNOW IF YOUR BUSINESS IDEA IS BAD?There are some business ideas that as soon as they strike you, your adrenaline gets pumping and your excitement levels rise substantially. Your head feels cloudy, especially if you feel that a particular business idea is the one that will turn you into a successful entrepreneur.Then there are ideas that leave you confused. You cannot decide whether you should stick with them or discard them since they are a bad business idea. Your subconscious mind goes into frenzy due to the amount of questions running through it. But you need to keep your emotions in check â€" otherwise your mind is going to occupy you in a web of questions, from which you may face difficulty getting out of.Check the Idea from Your List to See Whether it Has the Vital IngredientsThere may not be a way to get a one hundred percent guaranteed result, but there are a few things you can do to gauge your business idea and conclude whether it is a bad one or not. If your business idea does not have the following vital ingredients, chances are that the business idea is a bad one, most likely to fail if launched:Simplicity â€" Is your Business Idea Simple?Some people feel that the more radical the business idea is the more chances of it being successful. However, there ar e tons of examples of successful start-ups in the history that have been built upon simple business ideas.A simple business idea is easy to understand by target customers thus increasing its likelihood of being successful. If you launch a product or service that is too complicated for you to execute and/or your customers to understand, you limit the chances of its success. So if you feel your business idea isn’t simple, it may not be a good one either.Market Potential â€" Does Your Business Idea Have a Big Market?If the business idea in question will face difficulty in finding customers then it surely is a bad business idea. What is the point of executing a business idea if it is not going to get any customers? The chances of a business becoming successful are almost zero if it isn’t going to find customers.Even if you feel that your business may get customers but you would have to work pretty hard for it and spend tons of money for finding customers â€" it may not be an idea wo rth pursuing.Solving Real Pain â€" Does Your Idea Target to Resolve a Big Personal or Corporate Pain/Problem?Customers make purchases based on their needs. They buy soap because they need to clean up. They use Facebook because they need to connect with people. They book tickets online because it is more convenient. They book a cab online because they don’t like wasting time standing and waiting for one.So what pressing need does your business idea resolve? How does it make your target customers’ lives easier? What is its power to convince people to spend money on it? If you discover that it isn’t resolving any personal or corporate problem, then it may not be a good business idea at all.Uniqueness â€"Does it have that Special Something?What is so special about your business idea that customers are going to get attracted towards it and not continue going to the existing vendors? Is there something unique about your business idea; something different from the others? If your bus iness idea is a copy of something that already exists in the market, your business idea isn’t very good.And since customers are used to consuming the product/service, which already exists in the market, they won’t have a reason to switch to yours â€" ultimately leading to your failure.Your Passion â€" Does it Appeal to You?Building a business requires consistency, persistency, and perseverance. Even if you have a great idea, you will have to go through a rigorous process to translate that idea into a successful business. You can stick to your idea only if you are passionate about it â€" otherwise as soon as the going gets tough, you are going to run in the other direction.Check your business idea â€" does it have a personal appeal to you? Are you passionate about it? If not, your business idea is not a very good one.Feasibility â€" Is It Possible?Wishes don’t have a boundary but in reality, we have to work within our limitations. If your business idea is realistic and possible to execute while remaining within your limitations then it is a good business idea, otherwise not.REASONS WHY YOU SHOULDN’T DISCARD YOUR BAD BUSINESS IDEASYou may have identified a few of your business ideas to be bad. Your first instinct would be to discard your bad business idea immediately. However, a bad idea has some potential in it which is why you should write it down; it can help you in numerous other ways:The Best Way to LearnWithout having anything, how can you learn? The more ideas you have, the more opportunities for comparison you have. Therefore, generating ideas, even bad ones, help with learning.And when you begin ruling out bad ideas, you learn about a lot of things that won’t work in the business world. You also learn how to be able to generate ideas that are good by not repeating the same things that led to a bad business idea.They Give you a Chance to Think Evaluate Other IdeasIf you had only one idea noted down in your notebook or just a few, you wouldn’ t have much to compare them with. If all you had were good business ideas, you wouldn’t have much to think about. But when you write down bad business ideas as well, two things happen.One, it allows you to have a big inventory of ideas to sift from. An ideas-list which is a mixture of good and bad ideas forces you to pick up each idea and really think about it.Second, having a greater number of ideas gives you the opportunity of carrying out a comparison and conduct an evaluation, because now you have something to compare a business idea with.They Lead to Discovery of Good IdeasBad business ideas help you recognize the good ones out of all the ideas you have. When you are evaluating ideas, and when you reason with an idea and conclude it to be bad, you discover the strengths of the remaining ideas.Bad ideas become subjects of evaluation; working on them gives you the opportunity to gain the understanding of identifying factors that make any idea good or bad. They help you create a checklist and quickly decide whether an idea has the ingredients of being a good idea or not.If an idea has similar factors to an idea you previously identified as bad, you can quickly move on to evaluating the next one without wasting too much time on it.They Lead to Greater Insight into the Business WorldWhen you critically analyze an idea based on its potential of being successful with the target market, the amount of competition already existing and other similar market factors, you get to learn a lot about the realities of the business world. You learn the dynamics of market forces, the intensity with which they change and the impact they have on your business idea and its potential of becoming successful once launched.Researching Them Gives you a Chance to Expand your NetworkHow do you determine whether an idea is bad or not? Of course, by doing research during which you can get in touch with different people as well. For example, to determine whether it will be possible for you to produce a product or not, you may begin interviewing suppliers. Even if they are not able to supply material to you, you at-least get a chance to include them in your professional network.Similarly, in an attempt to discover whether any venture capitalist would be willing to fund your business idea or not, you present your business proposal to a number of them. Even if none of them agrees to fund your business idea, you gain contacts that can come in handy when you come up with a good business idea.You May Find a Way to Make Them WorkableBy noting down a bad business idea, you give it a chance for consideration. As you keep working on a bad business idea, you may be able to make the perfect tweak that turns it into a good business idea. While doing research on them, you may discover something new; a factor that allows you to turn your bad idea into a workable business idea.Therefore, always make sure you note down bad business ideas.EXAMPLES OF BAD BUSINESS IDEAS THAT  BECAME SUCCESSFUL BUSINESSESBy noting down bad business ideas and working on them, you get a chance to turn them into good business ideas. Here are examples of seemingly bad business ideas that made it successfully to the business world:The Pet RockA rock as a pet, someone isn’t being serious now, are they? Sounds like a sure shot bad idea but it made Gary Dahl a millionaire. The pet rock came in a beautiful box crate; just like an actual alive pet would (the box even had breathing holes in it!). The idea was so adorable that it appealed to customers who paid to keep the rock as a pet and train it to learn commands like ‘sit’ and ‘stay’.FatheadzAn idea on which people laughed at made Rico Elmore a successful entrepreneur and won him a deal with Walmart! Rico Elmore came with an idea of manufacturing eyewear for people with wide or fat heads. He successfully faced the challenge of convincing retailers to store his product and went onto sell two million dollar worth of eyewear on the third year after the launch.DoodyCallsWhat seemed like a ridiculous idea offhand is actually a brilliant one because pooping does not stop even when the economy is bad. Jacob D’Aniello founded a pet poop picking company after learning that a professional poop remover earns more than he was making in his job. The company gets a weekly payment for removing pet poop from domestic as well as commercial properties.Surf OhioRon Kaplan started small â€" his fascination with surfing led him to come up with t-shirts that contained surfing images. After one of the worst blizzards in history hit Ohio, he came up with the idea of using the tagline Surf Ohio on his t-shirts in order to remove the negative feelings generated due to the blizzard. The idea was highly unwelcomed by the local shop that used to sell his t-shirts. After working on the idea, today Kaplan sells his licensed Surf Ohio design around the world.EXAMPLES OF BAD BUSINESS IDEAS â€" CAN YOU FINE-TUNE THEM?Are you searching for business ideas? Here are a few work-in-progress ideas. Can you tweak them and make them workable?Rent My SiteWouldn’t it be easy to rent a website from someone who has designed it, developed it and has already search optimized it? Problem is, business want to own their websites, not rent them. Can you amend this business idea and make it more appealing to businesses?5 Dolla HollaGet someone to pay 5 dollars for hiring a celebrity such as William Hung to make a prank call to your friend or family. How cool would it be to get a call from an upcoming Celebrity? The problem with this business idea is that upcoming Stars aren’t very popular so your friend who receives the call may not know them. Also chances are that an upcoming Star may never actually become a Star.1-800-StrippersSend a stripper to your friend’s home for an event or just as a surprise to cheer them up after a break-up or any other sad incident â€" as long as you fix the tweaks such as ensuring your friend is home when the stripper arrives.BabyCalcA website that can let you know facts about your baby’s growth from the moment you begin expecting. It can send you alerts about your baby’s development. The problem is, how to detect and amend the alerts in case of complications?Ads or Not?The concept is to put up five advertisements with one of them being a fake one. You pay people who spot the correct fake ad. The challenge is to find sponsors or advertisers for this concept. Can you generate a way to get advertisers on-board for this business idea?

Why You Should Always Write Down Your Bad Business Ideas

Why You Should Always Write Down Your Bad Business Ideas It’s the middle of the night and you suddenly wake up with a business idea in your mind â€" while still sleepy, you don’t write the idea down since you feel it is bad one anyways. This is just one example of a time when a business idea may strike you at an unexpected time.An idea that may seem outwardly absurd may not necessarily count as a bad business idea. Bad business ideas are those that are ill-thought and under-developed; which makes them highly likely to fail in the business world.There are a number of forces at play that can contribute towards failure of a particular business idea. These include lack of available resources, lack of demand for the product/service, poor marketing/positioning, etc. © Shutterstock.com | KazitafahnizeerIn this article, we will start with 1) what to do with all the ideas that you get, and continue then with 2) how to know if your idea is bad, 3) reasons why you shouldnt discard your bad business ideas, 4) examples of bad ideas that made it successfully into the business world, and 5) examples of bad ideas which you could fine-tune.WHAT TO DO WITH ALL THE IDEAS THAT YOU GET?The best way to increase your chances of coming up with the perfectly successful business idea is to come up with as many ideas as possible; so you have a lot to select from. Remember, you cannot force a great idea to come to you but you can create a process that can help you identify good business ideas from all the different ideas you have:Brainstorm Create an IdeaYou must have heard of the saying ‘a watched pot never boils’? It’s kind of the same with business ideas.Ideas are everywhere; you just need to open up your mind towards them. There are numerous stimulators a nd they aren’t necessarily going to work when you especially sit down and spend some dedicated time towards brainstorming. Let your mind run free; listen to music, watch the sunrise, go out shopping â€" whatever eases your mind and clears the traffic in your mind so that ideas find a way in.Keep Track of Every Idea You GetYour memory may be good but it still can’t beat a pen and a paper. Whenever any business idea strikes you, just jot down a few quick words, which can help you remember the entire idea, later on. Carrying a small notebook in your pocket or using an app on your smartphone can come quite in handy.Just make sure that your method of noting down ideas is one of the quickest ones possible; the quicker you are able to note down the idea the more the chances that you will take a pause from what you are actually doing to note down the idea.Categorize Organize your IdeasA food store, an online help rental, a health consultancy, an app, a cosmetic discovery, a pet care bu siness â€" are all your ideas drastically different from one another? Do you use too many idea storage devices? You may never get to discover and act upon a good idea unless you keep your ideas organized; and one of the best ways of doing so is categorizing them.Just think of a few broad categories (e.g. online business ideas, transportation related ideas, ideas for entertainment industry) and arrange your ideas into categories.Get Feedback Analyze your Ideas so You Can Sort Out the Really Bad IdeasAs you keep generating more and more ideas, revisiting each one of them may divide your attention and thus, shift your focus from the few good ones that you may have in your list. Therefore, every now and then when you are going through the ideas, be honest about identifying the ones you haven’t used in the past year and aren’t planning on using any time in the near future, and just discard them.By getting rid of the useless ideas, you make more room in your mind to focus on the ones that may really work.Make Research Select the Best Idea from Your ListActions speak louder than words. Sure, it is a cliché but the perfect cliché as far as business ideas are concerned. The best thought business idea is worth nothing unless you take action on the idea and turn the words into reality.So pick the most workable ideas, do thorough research on them, make a proper strategy, and begin working on them. As you move ahead, keep shortlisting your list of ideas by removing the ones you feel won’t work until you are left with the one that you feel most passionate about. Keep developing that idea until it turns into a business; that is the best way to cash your best business ideas.HOW TO KNOW IF YOUR BUSINESS IDEA IS BAD?There are some business ideas that as soon as they strike you, your adrenaline gets pumping and your excitement levels rise substantially. Your head feels cloudy, especially if you feel that a particular business idea is the one that will turn you into a successful entrepreneur.Then there are ideas that leave you confused. You cannot decide whether you should stick with them or discard them since they are a bad business idea. Your subconscious mind goes into frenzy due to the amount of questions running through it. But you need to keep your emotions in check â€" otherwise your mind is going to occupy you in a web of questions, from which you may face difficulty getting out of.Check the Idea from Your List to See Whether it Has the Vital IngredientsThere may not be a way to get a one hundred percent guaranteed result, but there are a few things you can do to gauge your business idea and conclude whether it is a bad one or not. If your business idea does not have the following vital ingredients, chances are that the business idea is a bad one, most likely to fail if launched:Simplicity â€" Is your Business Idea Simple?Some people feel that the more radical the business idea is the more chances of it being successful. However, there ar e tons of examples of successful start-ups in the history that have been built upon simple business ideas.A simple business idea is easy to understand by target customers thus increasing its likelihood of being successful. If you launch a product or service that is too complicated for you to execute and/or your customers to understand, you limit the chances of its success. So if you feel your business idea isn’t simple, it may not be a good one either.Market Potential â€" Does Your Business Idea Have a Big Market?If the business idea in question will face difficulty in finding customers then it surely is a bad business idea. What is the point of executing a business idea if it is not going to get any customers? The chances of a business becoming successful are almost zero if it isn’t going to find customers.Even if you feel that your business may get customers but you would have to work pretty hard for it and spend tons of money for finding customers â€" it may not be an idea wo rth pursuing.Solving Real Pain â€" Does Your Idea Target to Resolve a Big Personal or Corporate Pain/Problem?Customers make purchases based on their needs. They buy soap because they need to clean up. They use Facebook because they need to connect with people. They book tickets online because it is more convenient. They book a cab online because they don’t like wasting time standing and waiting for one.So what pressing need does your business idea resolve? How does it make your target customers’ lives easier? What is its power to convince people to spend money on it? If you discover that it isn’t resolving any personal or corporate problem, then it may not be a good business idea at all.Uniqueness â€"Does it have that Special Something?What is so special about your business idea that customers are going to get attracted towards it and not continue going to the existing vendors? Is there something unique about your business idea; something different from the others? If your bus iness idea is a copy of something that already exists in the market, your business idea isn’t very good.And since customers are used to consuming the product/service, which already exists in the market, they won’t have a reason to switch to yours â€" ultimately leading to your failure.Your Passion â€" Does it Appeal to You?Building a business requires consistency, persistency, and perseverance. Even if you have a great idea, you will have to go through a rigorous process to translate that idea into a successful business. You can stick to your idea only if you are passionate about it â€" otherwise as soon as the going gets tough, you are going to run in the other direction.Check your business idea â€" does it have a personal appeal to you? Are you passionate about it? If not, your business idea is not a very good one.Feasibility â€" Is It Possible?Wishes don’t have a boundary but in reality, we have to work within our limitations. If your business idea is realistic and possible to execute while remaining within your limitations then it is a good business idea, otherwise not.REASONS WHY YOU SHOULDN’T DISCARD YOUR BAD BUSINESS IDEASYou may have identified a few of your business ideas to be bad. Your first instinct would be to discard your bad business idea immediately. However, a bad idea has some potential in it which is why you should write it down; it can help you in numerous other ways:The Best Way to LearnWithout having anything, how can you learn? The more ideas you have, the more opportunities for comparison you have. Therefore, generating ideas, even bad ones, help with learning.And when you begin ruling out bad ideas, you learn about a lot of things that won’t work in the business world. You also learn how to be able to generate ideas that are good by not repeating the same things that led to a bad business idea.They Give you a Chance to Think Evaluate Other IdeasIf you had only one idea noted down in your notebook or just a few, you wouldn’ t have much to compare them with. If all you had were good business ideas, you wouldn’t have much to think about. But when you write down bad business ideas as well, two things happen.One, it allows you to have a big inventory of ideas to sift from. An ideas-list which is a mixture of good and bad ideas forces you to pick up each idea and really think about it.Second, having a greater number of ideas gives you the opportunity of carrying out a comparison and conduct an evaluation, because now you have something to compare a business idea with.They Lead to Discovery of Good IdeasBad business ideas help you recognize the good ones out of all the ideas you have. When you are evaluating ideas, and when you reason with an idea and conclude it to be bad, you discover the strengths of the remaining ideas.Bad ideas become subjects of evaluation; working on them gives you the opportunity to gain the understanding of identifying factors that make any idea good or bad. They help you create a checklist and quickly decide whether an idea has the ingredients of being a good idea or not.If an idea has similar factors to an idea you previously identified as bad, you can quickly move on to evaluating the next one without wasting too much time on it.They Lead to Greater Insight into the Business WorldWhen you critically analyze an idea based on its potential of being successful with the target market, the amount of competition already existing and other similar market factors, you get to learn a lot about the realities of the business world. You learn the dynamics of market forces, the intensity with which they change and the impact they have on your business idea and its potential of becoming successful once launched.Researching Them Gives you a Chance to Expand your NetworkHow do you determine whether an idea is bad or not? Of course, by doing research during which you can get in touch with different people as well. For example, to determine whether it will be possible for you to produce a product or not, you may begin interviewing suppliers. Even if they are not able to supply material to you, you at-least get a chance to include them in your professional network.Similarly, in an attempt to discover whether any venture capitalist would be willing to fund your business idea or not, you present your business proposal to a number of them. Even if none of them agrees to fund your business idea, you gain contacts that can come in handy when you come up with a good business idea.You May Find a Way to Make Them WorkableBy noting down a bad business idea, you give it a chance for consideration. As you keep working on a bad business idea, you may be able to make the perfect tweak that turns it into a good business idea. While doing research on them, you may discover something new; a factor that allows you to turn your bad idea into a workable business idea.Therefore, always make sure you note down bad business ideas.EXAMPLES OF BAD BUSINESS IDEAS THAT  BECAME SUCCESSFUL BUSINESSESBy noting down bad business ideas and working on them, you get a chance to turn them into good business ideas. Here are examples of seemingly bad business ideas that made it successfully to the business world:The Pet RockA rock as a pet, someone isn’t being serious now, are they? Sounds like a sure shot bad idea but it made Gary Dahl a millionaire. The pet rock came in a beautiful box crate; just like an actual alive pet would (the box even had breathing holes in it!). The idea was so adorable that it appealed to customers who paid to keep the rock as a pet and train it to learn commands like ‘sit’ and ‘stay’.FatheadzAn idea on which people laughed at made Rico Elmore a successful entrepreneur and won him a deal with Walmart! Rico Elmore came with an idea of manufacturing eyewear for people with wide or fat heads. He successfully faced the challenge of convincing retailers to store his product and went onto sell two million dollar worth of eyewear on the third year after the launch.DoodyCallsWhat seemed like a ridiculous idea offhand is actually a brilliant one because pooping does not stop even when the economy is bad. Jacob D’Aniello founded a pet poop picking company after learning that a professional poop remover earns more than he was making in his job. The company gets a weekly payment for removing pet poop from domestic as well as commercial properties.Surf OhioRon Kaplan started small â€" his fascination with surfing led him to come up with t-shirts that contained surfing images. After one of the worst blizzards in history hit Ohio, he came up with the idea of using the tagline Surf Ohio on his t-shirts in order to remove the negative feelings generated due to the blizzard. The idea was highly unwelcomed by the local shop that used to sell his t-shirts. After working on the idea, today Kaplan sells his licensed Surf Ohio design around the world.EXAMPLES OF BAD BUSINESS IDEAS â€" CAN YOU FINE-TUNE THEM?Are you searching for business ideas? Here are a few work-in-progress ideas. Can you tweak them and make them workable?Rent My SiteWouldn’t it be easy to rent a website from someone who has designed it, developed it and has already search optimized it? Problem is, business want to own their websites, not rent them. Can you amend this business idea and make it more appealing to businesses?5 Dolla HollaGet someone to pay 5 dollars for hiring a celebrity such as William Hung to make a prank call to your friend or family. How cool would it be to get a call from an upcoming Celebrity? The problem with this business idea is that upcoming Stars aren’t very popular so your friend who receives the call may not know them. Also chances are that an upcoming Star may never actually become a Star.1-800-StrippersSend a stripper to your friend’s home for an event or just as a surprise to cheer them up after a break-up or any other sad incident â€" as long as you fix the tweaks such as ensuring your friend is home when the stripper arrives.BabyCalcA website that can let you know facts about your baby’s growth from the moment you begin expecting. It can send you alerts about your baby’s development. The problem is, how to detect and amend the alerts in case of complications?Ads or Not?The concept is to put up five advertisements with one of them being a fake one. You pay people who spot the correct fake ad. The challenge is to find sponsors or advertisers for this concept. Can you generate a way to get advertisers on-board for this business idea?

Biography of Queen Charlotte

Queen Charlotte (born Sophia Charlotte of Mecklenberg-Strelitz) was the Queen of England from 1761–1818. Her husband, King George III, suffered from mental illness, and Charlotte ultimately served as his guardian until her death. Charlotte is also known for the possibility that she possessed multiracial heritage, which would make her Englands first multiracial royal. Fast Facts: Queen Charlotte Full Name: Sophia Charlotte of Mecklenburg-StrelitzKnown For: Queen of England (1761–1818)Born: May 19, 1744 in Mirow, Germany Died:  November 17, 1818 in Kew, EnglandSpouses Name: King George III Early Life Sophia Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz was born in 1744, the eighth child of Duke Charles Louis Frederick of Mecklenburg and his wife, Princess Elisabeth Albertine of Saxe-Hildburghausen, at the family castle in Mirow, Germany. Like other young ladies of her station, Charlotte was educated at home by private tutors. Charlotte was taught the basics of language, music, and art, but much of her education was focused on domestic life and household management, in preparation for future as a wife and mother. Charlotte and her siblings were also educated in religious matters by a priest who lived with the family. When Charlotte was seventeen years old, she was sent from Germany to marry George III, five years her senior. George had ascended to the throne following the death of his father, George II, and was as yet unmarried. Since he would soon need an heir of his own, and Charlotte was from a minor duchy in the northern part of Germany that had no political machinations, she must have seemed like a perfect match. Charlotte arrived in England on September 7, 1761, and the next day, met her prospective groom for the first time. She and George were married that evening, just a few hours after meeting. Charlotte the Queen Although she spoke no English at first, Charlotte learned the language of her new country quickly. Her heavy German accent and tumultuous relationship with George’s mother, Princess Augusta, made it difficult for her to adapt to English court life. Although Charlotte attempted to expand her social circle, Augusta challenged her every step of the way, even going as far as to replace Charlotte’s German ladies-in-waiting with English ladies of Augusta’s choosing. Heritage Images / Getty Images Over the years, Charlotte and George had fifteen children together, thirteen of whom survived to adulthood. She was pregnant regularly, yet still managed to find time to organize the decoration of a lodge in Windsor Park, which was where she and her family spent most of their time. In addition, she educated herself about diplomatic matters, and exercised a quiet and discreet influence over her husband’s political affairs, both foreign and domestic. In particular, she became involved in English-German relations, and may have had some influence in British intervention in Bavaria. Charlotte and George were avid patrons of the arts, taking a particular interest in German music and composers. Their court hosted performances by Bach and Mozart, and they enjoyed the compositions of Handel and many others. Charlotte was also an active gardener, with a scientific interest in botany that led her to help expand Kew Gardens. The Madness of King George Charlotte’s husband suffered from intermittent bouts of mental illness throughout his adult life. During the first episode in 1765, George’s mother Augusta and Prime Minister Lord Bute managed to keep Charlotte completely unaware of what was happening. In addition, they made sure she was kept in the dark about the Regency Bill, which stated that in the event of George’s full incapacity, Charlotte herself would become Regent. Two decades later, in 1788, George became ill again, and this time it was much worse. By now, Charlotte was well aware of the Regency Bill, but still had to battle against the Prince of Wales, who had designs of his own on the Regency. When George recovered the following year, Charlotte deliberately sent a message by refusing to allow the Prince of Wales to attend a ball held in honor of the Kings return to health. Charlotte and the prince reconciled in 1791. Gradually, over the next few years, George descended into permanent madness. In 1804, Charlotte moved into separate quarters, and seems to have adopted a policy of avoiding her husband entirely. By 1811, George was declared insane and placed under Charlottes guardianship, as per the Regency Bill of 1789. This scenario remained the same until Charlottes death in 1818. Print Collector / Getty Images Potential Multiracial Heritage Charlottes contemporaries described her as having an unmistakable African appearance. Historian Mario de Valdes y Cocom contends that although Charlotte was German, her family was distantly descended from a 13th-century black ancestor. Other historians take issue with Valdes theory, arguing that with a black ancestor nine generations back, its nearly impossible to consider Charlotte multi-racial. During her reign as Queen, Charlotte was the subject of racially-charged insults about her appearance. Sir Walter Scott said that her relatives from the House of Mecklenburg-Strelitz were ill-colored, orang-outang looking figures, with black eyes and hook-noses. Charlottes physician, Baron Stockmar, described her as having â€Å"a true mulatto face.† Conclusive evidence of Charlottes ancestry has likely been lost to history. Nevertheless, it remains important to reflect upon this element of her story, as well as to consider how the concepts of race and royalty play out in society today. Sources Blakemore, Erin. â€Å"Meghan Markle Might Not Be the First Mixed-Race British Royal.† History.com, AE Television Networks, www.history.com/news/biracial-royalty-meghan-markle-queen-charlotte.Jeffries, Stuart. â€Å"Stuart Jeffries: Was the Consort of George III Britains First Black Queen?† The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 12 Mar. 2009, www.theguardian.com/world/2009/mar/12/race-monarchy.â€Å"Philippa of Hainault.† Charles II., www.englishmonarchs.co.uk/plantagenet_35.html.Waxman, Olivia B. â€Å"Is Meghan Markle the First Black Royal? Why We Dont Know.† Time, Time, 18 May 2018, time.com/5279784/prince-harry-meghan-markle-first-black-mixed-race-royal/.

Questions on Articles by Christopher D. Stone and Work by Milton Friedman - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 639 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/09/16 Category Business Essay Type Narrative essay Tags: Capitalism Essay Did you like this example? 1. What criticisms does Friedman raise against business managers who engage in socially responsible practices? Explain. Friedman criticizes business managers who engage in socially responsible behavior by using the argument that there is a different set of criteria for social responsible behavior of a person, who happens to be a corporate executive (businessman) versus that same person acting as an individual in a free-society. A business manager’s main responsibility is to maximize the profit of the corporation. When that person combines those roles and directs a corporation to take on a social responsible cause, because it would either increase cost or decrease revenue, it would be equivalent to a tax on the customers, shareholders and employees without their consent and in some cases, knowledge. Friedman further argues that a business manager who engages in socially responsible activities is in effect acting as a socialistic governmental agent in that a social ist government acts in the interest of the people it is set up to govern, while not fostering a free market or cultivating capitalism. A corporate executive would count on capitalism to ensure profits are maximized. In short, a business manager cannot successfully have a split focus on the goals of the corporation. If he is going to maximize profits, he cannot actively partake in socially responsible activities. Friedman says the political principle that underlies the market mechanism is unanimity (agreement) and the principle that underlies the political mechanism is conformity. Explain. The political principal that underlies the market mechanism of unanimity is in a sense opposite to the principle that underlies the political mechanism. Unanimity calls for voluntary cooperation that does not require social values beyond what the group agrees upon. In conformity, people may disagree, but must still cooperate with the decision. As it would be impossible to get all of the peopl e to agree all of the time, utilizing unanimity would be impractical, which would automatically assume that the political mechanism would have a greater chance of utilization than the market mechanism. 2. What criticism(s) does Christopher Stone raise against a view like Friedmans? Explain. The criticism that Stone raises is that namely corporations are not people and that there are important differences between human beings and artificial beings (corporations). Stone would further argue that the corporation did not make a direct agreement with the shareholder that the sole responsibility of the corporation is to maximize profit since most shareholders are not the original purchasers of the outstanding shares. According to Stone, a shareholder would have a certain expectation of how the shares they purchase will perform at the time of purchase and that although the shareholder has that belief, it is not an implicit contract to perform in that manner. The projected performance may not even include the maximization of profit in the stocks underlying expectation. Stone’s position allows for a split focus for a business manager in that although the corporation should be lead in a way that allows for profitability, the business manager should not be prohibited to engage in socially responsible activities or causes. How might Friedman respond? Friedman would argue that a corporation’s business manager has a duty to the shareholders to maximize profits, not to be socially responsible and that these are independent activities. Although the shares more likely than not were purchased from a previous shareholder as opposed to the corporation, for Friedman, there would still be an inherent expectation that the leader of a corporation act in a way that maximizes profits, regardless of who the promise is originally made to. The business manager who engages in socially responsible activities is acting on a personal nature and these activities could be at the expense of corporate profit, which in Friedman’s view is a tax that the shareholders may not be aware of and would not approve. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Questions on Articles by Christopher D. Stone and Work by Milton Friedman" essay for you Create order

Essay about European Imperialism - 896 Words

European imperialism during 1450-1750, began as a plan to gain more riches for the European nations. The Europeans did this for three main reasons, which were for God, Gold, and Glory. The Europeans domination over Latin America, Africa and Asia were made out to be good for the native people of these lands. However, the Europeans were not there to help these geographic areas. They were there to spread their influence and gain riches for themselves and the European nations. The successes and failures of the Europeans and non Europeans would decide their relationship status for as long as they could co-exist. In Latin America, Cortes who was the conqueror of Mexico, and Pizarro the conqueror of Peru and the Incans, would control the†¦show more content†¦Instead, the Latin Americans were auctioned off and forced into slavery. After taking the gold, ruling over the people, and forcing them into slavery, the Spanish did nothing to help out the people of Latin America. European domination in Africa began because the Portuguese wanted to establish a faster route to India. Yet, when the Portuguese arrived they began to set up a trade of gold, slaves and ivory. The Europeans pretended to be Christian humanitarians and attempted to convert the Africans to Christians. They used god to justify their mistreatment of the natives. Many of the natives did convert to Christianity and accepted the Europeans mistreatments. The Europeans set up port cities on the African coast in order to help their ships on their journey to India. At the port cities, they could stop, rest, and replenish their supplies. The Europeans would attempt to turn the different African tribes against each other and started many tribal wars throughout Africa. When a tribe was conquered, the remaining members would be transported back to Europe and the Americas in order to be sold into slavery, and their villages would be raided for any potential riches the Europeans could sell or use. Creating these tribal wars gave the Europeans money and also eliminated possible enemies from the land. The Europeans tried to use the same methods they hadShow MoreRelatedEuropean Imperialism in Africa Essay1405 Words   |  6 Pageslate 1800’s, was starting for a land grab in the African continent. Around 1878, most of Africa was unexplored, but by 1914, most of Africa, with the lucky exception of Liberia and Ethiopia, was carved up between European powers. There were countless motivations that spurred the European powers to carve Africa, like economical, political, and socio–cultural, and there were countless attitudes towards this expansion into Africa, some of approval and some of condemnation. Europe in this period wasRead MoreEuropean Imperialism And The Colonization Of Africa984 Words   |  4 PagesAmongst the 1870s and 1900, Africa confronted European imperialist hostility, political pressures, military assaults, and ultimately the conquest and colonization. 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In examining the values and ideologies this text endorses and challenges, the society of the time (Elizabethan England), and a knowledge of how it operated serves a greatRead MoreImperialism Dbq Ap European History846 Words   |  4 PagesBetween the period from 1880 to 1914, European powers went after overseas empires in Africa. The governments and political leaders of the European powers believed that this colonization of the African empires was necessary to maintain their global influence. A second group of people supposed that African colonization was the result of the greedy Capitalists who \only cared for new resources and markets. The third group of people claimed it to be their job to enlighten a nd educate the uncivilizedRead More The Compelling Motives of European Imperialism Essay794 Words   |  4 PagesThe Compelling Motives of Imperialism The presence of Europe in Africa in the late nineteenth century was one of extreme power. The countries of France, Britain, and Germany had especially large claims to the African continent during this time. The motives of imperialism for these countries greatly define Europe at this time. Insatiable desires for economic markets, power and political struggles, the motivating belief in Social Darwinism, and the European idea of superiority were the drivingRead MoreThe Impact of 19th Century European Imperialism in Africa1024 Words   |  5 PagesEuropean Imperialism heavily impacted the African continent through culturally, economic, and political ideas. This era of history is heavily drenched in the aspect of ethnocentrism, which is the belief that one’s own culture is superior that of another. The Europeans colonized Africa believing that they could bring civilization, but they were often ignorant of Africa’s very complex societies. The European powers divided up t he continent of Africa among themselves, without any consent from the peopleRead MoreWhat Was the Driving Force Behind European Imperialism in Africa628 Words   |  3 PagesAndres Lugo Professor William Hendricks March 17, 2015 World Civilizations II Domination of resources The European powers that were in much need for resources during the 1500s through 1800s were Great Britain, France and Germany. During 1500 and 1800 Africa seemed like an impossible feat to conquer because of malaria but this wouldn’t stop the persistence of the leaders of France and Great Britain. The idea of exploring and conquering new land meant more to these leaders because of the motivationRead MoreWhat attracted European imperialism to Africa to Asia in the late nineteenth century.1585 Words   |  7 PagesMortimer Chambers et al define imperialism as a European state s intervention in and continuing domination over a non-European territory. During the Scramble for Africa in the late nineteenth century, the most powerful European nations desired to conquer, dominate and exploit African colonies with the hope of building an empire. According to Derrick Murphy, in 1875 only ten percent of Africa was occupied by European states. Twenty years later only ten percent rem ained unoccupied. There wereRead MoreEuropean Imperialism - Dbq Essay804 Words   |  4 Pagesthe history of the world, imperialism has played a major role. Imperialism is one country’s complete domination of the political, economic, and social life of another country. Imperialism has many positive and negative effects. The Age of Imperialism is considered 1800 - 1914. During this time Europe became a major world leader. European countries set up colonies all over Africa, Latin America, and Asia, and encouraged their citizens to populate them. European imperialism boosted Europe’s economyRead MoreEuropean Imperialism in Africa Essays1457 Words   |  6 PagesImperialism By the late 19th and early 20th century, Europe was expanding its borders. In an attempt to grow its economy and culture, Europe’s superpowers began to search for new soil. Africa was an easy target; it wasn’t politically secure and it wasn’t modernized. In addition, it had reliable soil which would enable Europe to produce cash crops. European nations began to pour into Africa, called the Scramble for Africa. Soon, Europe took control of Africa, taking raw materials and destroyed African

Key Issues Relating To Human Resource Management †Free Samples

Question: What Is The Key Issues Relating To Human Resource Management? Answer: Introduction Three key issues relating to Human Resource Management in an organization are selected for this task. The issues selected are Performance Management, Employee Health and Safety and Employee Wellbeing. Performance management is the tool used by managers and Human Resource Department of the company to improve overall productivity of the firm while contributing to their work objective (Cascio 2014). Employee Healthcare, Safety and Wellbeing relates to his mental and physical health. It involves providing facility and infrastructure which enhances their health (Fabius et al. 2013). Table Outlining Academic Sources Title Mains Points (3 Bullet Points) Source Of Research Data Validity Of Article Useful Page References Your Thoughts Leveraging employer branding, performance management and human resource development to enhance employee retention Employer branding differentiates an employer from another Appropriate feedback, development and compensation ensure better performance management Innovative methods revolving around digitization and internet shall be adopted to train and involve employees secondary data, meta analysis Valid, Authentic source of data 122-127 The author discusses various aspects well and has valid source of data to make his study relevant. Performance Management: Perceiving Goals As Invariable And Implications For Perceived Job Autonomy And Work Performance Perceiving goals as invariable is negatively related to job autonomy which affects performance of employees Employees with higher education and higher level are more discrete about perceived invariable goals and job autonomy. provide job autonomy to enable employees make discrete judgement when goals are redundant Primary data, survey, Hypothesis study. Valid, Human Resource Management Journal 401-410 The research has been conducted on the basis of surveys and hypothetical study has been conducted which makes the research useful and adds to the study of employee performance management. The Relationship Between Line Manager Behaviour, Perceived HRM Practices, And Individual Performance Level of employee engagement is positively related to line managers behaviour. HRM shall focus on deployment, development and training of line managers. HRM impact on employee performance is thus indirect Secondary Primary Data, Hypothesis Study Valid, Department of Human Resource Studies, Tilburg University 840-855 The research links between HRM practices, line managers and individual performance and concludes the individual performance depends on managers. The research sets base for further research on same grounds. The Link Between Workforce Health and Safety and the Health of the Bottom Line Focus on well being improves performance and reduces health care cost Provides competitive advantage that benefits the investors Investment on employee health helps drive more revenue per employee Meta Analysis, Primary Data. Valid, data collected from authentic sources, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 993-999 The report concludes link between employee well being and increased productivity which shall be adapted by all the organization keeping in mind the deteriorating health of workforce. Workplace Mistreatment Climate and Potential Employee and Organizational Outcomes Better psychological climate leads to less mistreatment, emotional strain and better job attitude. Supportive work environment reduces mistreatment. Lower focus on mistreatment lead to higher focus on job and related task. Secondary, four empirical data Valid, Journal of Occupational Health Psychology 1-21 The researcher has linked how workplace mistreatment can affect its employees productivity and how managers can overcome such situation. How the impact of HR practices on employee wellbeing and performance changes with age Association between HR development practices and well-being weakens with age Association between HR maintenance practices and well-being strengthens with age Association between HR enrichment practices and job performance strengthens with age Primary, Hypothesis Testing, employees of three organization of UK Valid, Human Resource Management Journal 18-35 The report aimed at analysing the relation between employee well being and job performance with their age and where company should invest its effort and resources. Workplace resources to improve both employee well-being and performance Intrinsic motivation: resources may fulfil basic requirements Extrinsic motivation: resources may help employees thus perform better Resources are associated with well being and performance at all levels. Meta Analysis, Secondary data. Valid, International Journal of Work, Health Organisations 1-20 The research links between available workplace resources and employee well being at all level. Optimising Employee Mental Health The extent of job crafting affects the extent of satisfaction of psychological needs. Job crafting helps employees correlate their work objectives and personal goals. This promotes their well being and performance. Primary Data, Job Crafting Questionnaire, Need Satisfaction Scale, Mental Health Continuum Valid, Data from Authentic Sources 957- 970 The research provides base for studying how job crafting can influence employees well being and performance in the organization. Engaged, Workaholic, Burned-Out or Just 9-to-5? Work investor depends upon employees capacity to work. Heavy work investors: workaholic and work oriented Soft investor: less energetic, 9-5 workers Primary and Secondary Sources. 786 respondents. Valid, Authentic sources of data. 71-80 Depending upon the work investor, the well being can be influenced on the level of work. The moderating role of rumination on the relationship between organizational politics and employee attitudes, well-being, and performance Politics has direct and negative effect on employee outcome Rumination exacerbate the effect of politics Ruminators are less likely to cope with politics. Primary data, varied employees for particular study. Valid, Authentic data source 177-185 The research successfully relates various concepts and gain comprehendible results. Assessment 2 Plan To write an essay in assessment two, the three key issues of Human Resource Management in the organization will be introduced and explained in detail. The three issues selected for the assessment are Performance Management, Employee Health and Safety and Employee Wellbeing. Further, the available literature on the three topics will be reviewed thoroughly to analyse the existing study on these issues. Further, the challenges faced by the management of the company relating to these issues will be analysed. Various journals and researches mentioned in the table will be analyzed and summarized in the essay to provide all round knowledge on the subject. Finally, the essay will be concluded with recommendations for management to improve these issues in an organization.; References Alfes, K., Truss, C., Soane, E., Rees, C. and Gatenby, M., 2013. The Relationship Between Line Manager Behavior, Perceived HRM Practices, and Individual Performance: Examining the Mediating Role of Engagement. Human Resource Management, 52(6), pp.839-859. Cascio, W., 2014. Leveraging employer branding, performance management and human resource development to enhance employee retention. Human Resource Development International, 17(2), pp.121-128. Fabius, R., Thayer, R., Konicki, D., Yarborough, C., Peterson, K., Isaac, F., Loeppke, R., Eisenberg, B. and Dreger, M., 2013. The Link Between Workforce Health and Safety and the Health of the Bottom Line. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 55(9), pp.993-1000. Kooij, D., Guest, D., Clinton, M., Knight, T., Jansen, P. and Dikkers, J., 2012. How the impact of HR practices on employee well-being and performance changes with age. Human Resource Management Journal, 23(1), pp.18-35. Kuvaas, B., Buch, R. and Dysvik, A., 2014. Performance Management: Perceiving Goals as Invariable and Implications for Perceived Job Autonomy and Work Performance. Human Resource Management, 55(3), pp.401-412. Nielsen, K., Nielsen, M., Ogbonnaya, C., Knsl, M., Saari, E. and Isaksson, K., 2017. Workplace resources to improve both employee well-being and performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Work Stress, 31(2), pp.101-120. Rosen, C. and Hochwarter, W., 2014. Looking back and falling further behind: The moderating role of rumination on the relationship between organizational politics and employee attitudes, well-being, and performance. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 124(2), pp.177-189. Salanova, M., Del Lbano, M., Llorens, S. and Schaufeli, W., 2013. Engaged, Workaholic, Burned-Out or Just 9-to-5? Toward a Typology of Employee Well-being. Stress and Health, 30(1), pp.71-81. Slemp, G. and Vella-Brodrick, D., 2013. Optimising Employee Mental Health: The Relationship Between Intrinsic Need Satisfaction, Job Crafting, and Employee Well-Being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 15(4), pp.957-977. Yang, L., Caughlin, D., Gazica, M., Truxillo, D. and Spector, P., 2014. Workplace mistreatment climate and potential employee and organizational outcomes: A meta-analytic review from the targets perspective. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 19(3), pp.315-335.

Demand Forecasting Essay Example

Demand Forecasting Essay Order Management Systems 6. Demand Planning 7. Procurement Planning 8. Name of the software those are available in the market 1. Enterprises Resources Planning ( ERP) A. Total ERP B. Oracle Ill ERP or Enterprise Resource Planning software provides and cover variety of essential functions that Integrates every department of your business around the world by providing real-time view of your data and processes. ERP also streamline every department workflow for better decision making and growth. An ERP software package can help your business in many ways some of them are as follows: ERP helps in streamlining your Business Process and Workflow It helps you in better customer support and services You gain real time data from various departments allowing quick and powerful session making Reduce paper work, duplication of entries and Manual entries. To summarize ERP system helps in increasing your productivity level, profits and altogether growth of our organization. 2. Ware House Management systems. A. Fire WHAMS b. CEO RIFF WHAMS Warehouse Management Systems are primarily designed to combine the functioning of hardware, software, and peripheral devices. Implementation of a well designed competitive advantage through real time inventory management, reduced labor costs, superior customer service, increased inventory accuracy, better flexibility and expensiveness. Present day warehouse management systems are increasingly relying on a mix of new and old innovations to better integrate warehouse operations into the overall supply chain in a cost effective way. We will write a custom essay sample on Demand Forecasting specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Demand Forecasting specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Demand Forecasting specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The must have features of a WHAMS that primarily contributes in developing a lean supply chain are: Business Intelligence Business Intelligence identifies, extracts, and analyzes the entire business data in real time and converts it into functional information. All these information are then displayed in customized dashboards to the decision makers thereby enabling greater usability of the supply chain and hence improved and efficient decision making capability. The major Business Intelligence functions for warehouses are: o Inventory Analysis o Track Inventory turnover o Space utilization Analysis o Barded tracking for Inventory and material o Perfect Order management Integrated EDI system EDI enables organizations exchange business oriented information such as purchase orders, invoices, sales orders, vendor bills, and inventory orders and list. It utilizes a mapping tool which transforms information into an internationally accepted standard format. The following are some benefits of EDI integration with WHAMS: o a. Less paper handling Real time information No mailing cost Faster exchange of data and relevant information No repetition of data Direct communication Transportation Scheduling Systems :- De- Facto Software Transports computerized scheduling and dispatch software provides the tools you need to optimize your routes. Key Functionality Includes: Live scheduling using calendar functions Ability to quickly book trips from pick up to drop off Automatic client look-up feature for repeat trips allowing for quick routing Google Maps automated distance ululations as your aide Assign runs based on drivers and vehicles 4. Manufacturing Execution Scheduling :- a. Fact MESS. B. SAP MESS c. Manufacturing execution system (MESS) software is used to manage and monitor work-in-process on the factory floor. Plant managers and production personnel use MESS software to support collaborative manufacturing strategies that are designed to integrate disparate data streams from a companys supply chain, factory floor, and enterprise resource planning (ERP) system. Selecting manufacturing execution system (MESS) software requires a detailed analysis of capabilities and features. Some rodents provide operator instructions for each stage of production. Others provide finite scheduling, workflow management, resource planning, and quality analysis (CA) features. Most MESS software is designed to improve asset productivity, reduce order- to-ship times, and eliminate costly rework. Typically, industries that implement manufacturing execution system (MESS) software treat cycle-time, the total time to produce an order, as a key performance indicator (KIP). D. Machine monitoring sensors and shop floor data collection (SF) terminals transmit production data from the factory floor to manufacturing execution system (MESS) software. MESS software that includes supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) features can collect data from machine-mounted sensors. This information is then transmitted to a central computer for processing. In turn, software-based algorithms send real-time instructions to devices such as programmable logic controllers (PL). Some manufacturing execution system (MESS) software is designed for use with manual SF terminals. With these systems, users enter information such as Job numbers, labor codes, and production counts. E. Manufacturing execution system (MESS) software can be used to schedule tasks by facility, work center, machine, and/or employee skill set. Products that include capacity planning features allow schedulers to load Jobs against an organizations total production capacity. Advanced production scheduling (APS) offers finite scheduling options and a visual representation of projected workloads. Production requirements planning (PR) and material requirement planning (MR.) allows schedulers to define processes with multiple tasks. Manufacturing execution system (MESS) software that integrates PR and MR. with inventory management and procurement can generate a schedule which specifies when required materials should be ordered. 5. Customer Relationship Management:- a. Quality Integrity CRM b. Sotto CRM c. Age CRM Well-designed CRM includes the following characteristics: 1. Relationship management is a customer-oriented feature with service response based on customer input, one-to-one solutions to customers requirements, direct online communications with customer and customer service centers that help implement sales promotion analysis, automate tracking of a clients account history for repeated sales or future sales, and also coordinate sales, marketing, cal l centers, and retail outlets in order to realize the salesrooms automation. 3. Use of technology. This feature is about following the technology trend and skills of value delivering using technology to make up-to-the-second customer data available. It applies data warehouse technology in order to aggregate transaction information, to merge the information with CRM solutions, and to provide KIP (key performance indicators). 4. Opportunity management. This feature helps the company to manage unpredictable growth and demand and implement a good forecasting model to integrate sales history with sales projections. 5. Order Management Systems :- a. Order Motion b. Ability MOMS Order Management c. CSS Order Management Manage Your Customers Consolidate your multiple sales channels, along with your Customer, Order, Inventory, and Marketing information all within the MOMS Order Management Software Platform. Allow Customer Service Reps to have access to data at their fingertips for keeping in touch with their customers. Search, display, export, update, and reference all customer data within one user interface for Cars, sales, and marketing teams. Handle Your Orders View your transactions and order statuses live, online, 2417, while maintaining your customers order history for future up-selling and reporting. Place orders, process drop shipments, and amend existing orders from a single domain or from multiple domains and sales channels via our Order Management Software. Create purchase orders and process Vendor drop ship orders automatically via our Order Management Software. Monitor Your Inventory Predict estimated depletion dates and set automated reorder points, while keeping up -to-date on current stock levels and inventory in real time. Minimize stock on-hand and eliminate excess storage with the ability to calculate minimum order quantities and thresholds, based on previous order history and current inventory data. Increase Your Sales Configure Special Offers and E-mail Promotion by using history of sales reports. Create geographic promotions, based on product movement and popularity, down to the SKU level. Manage your Sales Reps, Affiliate Programs, and Referral Tracking, to see where your sales are coming from. Ship Your Products Generate labels, packing slips, and tracking numbers, while using multi-carrier shipment options to best suit your customers needs, all through our Order with RFC Guns, Picking, Packing and Order Processing, all with real-time inventory features. Manage auto shipments, drop shipments, and create backorder shipment options. Save Your Money Reduce shipping fees and significantly improve your shipping revenues, while keeping your customers happy. Use our Order Management Softwares automated shipment information to get a list of real-time rates that are instantly returned from major carriers. Access estimated arrival dates easily for both domestic and international shipm ents. Pass on margins or discounts based on total shipping cost or a flat rate to your end consumer. 6. Demand Planning :- a. Sotto Demand Planning Software b. Oracle Demand Planning software c. A Demand Planning Process describes the activities that are required to develop one agreed organizational plan to drive sales and operations planning and financial planning. The first stage of the process is for forecasts to be developed through statistical analysis and Judgments. The second stage is to have management and stakeholder overview of the forecasts to ensure ownership but also to override with strategic requirements, business policy and business knowledge. In large organizations, demand planning often involves overview or constraining at a central bevel, unconstrained forecasts that have been prepared at a local level. This may be to ensure fit with the overall marketing strategy of the business when supply is constrained. D. The forecasting process should be based on historical demand data, information from the market and should also account for impacts of strikes and promotions. Ideally history of sales should be demand history and not actual sales history. The reason is that sales history may reflect what the customer was forced to accept at the time due to shortcomings in customer service or business performance rather than hat they had preferred at the time. E. The management and stakeholder review is critical for obtaining ownership by sales management and is where ideally customer overview should also be obtained (collaborative forecasting). Overall, demand planning should be seen as a process using expert people supported by forecasting tools where appropriate, not the other way around. 7. Procurement Systems:- a. I sourcing Solution b. Procuring c. Oracle Ill d. Oracle Procurement software is business software that helps to automate the purchasing function of organizations. Activities including raising and approving purchase orders, electing and ordering the product or service, receiving and matching the invoice and department to see everything that is ordered, ensure that nothing can be ordered without correct approvals, and lets them get the best value by combining several orders for the same type of good or even getting suppliers to bid for the business. There are literally thousands of e-Procurement software providers. Procurement software comes in industry specific forms, such as Traced for global trade,for hospitality industry, Procuring for construction and software industries, or generically or all types of spend from software vendors like Dodo, GAP, Spend, b-pack, Arabia, SAP, Automation Centre, or Oracle. Buying organizations choice can be driven by the particular strengths offered by each individual system and the number of vendors available through them. A multinational or otherwise large organization will use a shared procurement system to take advantage of economies of scale to drive down the cost of purchases. While traditionally most e-procurement software systems have been designed for larger organizations, there are now also systems available for the SMB market, such as the Free-procurement Project by Spend. Whilst some services are available to purchase through automated systems, the key strength of these systems lies in the procurement of commodities that are much easier to standardize. . The key benefit for organizations using procurement software include ease of administration and potential long-term cost savings. Having a single interface for procurement related management information cuts down the time and effort required to monitor organizational spending. The use of such software also allows procurement managers to control the vendors used by the wider organization o all employees take advantage of negotiated rates and other terms of service. Common Features of Procurement Software Systems a. Requisitions Creation of a purchase order with line items to be fulfilled by a vendor. Automated Sending via Fax or Email b. Vendor Follow Up Automated, or reminders to follow up with Vendors to Confirm Purchase Orders. C . Receiving of Goods or Services Maintaining a physical inventory of goods. D. Financial Settlement Creation of financial and/or inventory related transactions as goods are physically received. Conclusion :- These are above described about Technologies those used in SCM process.

A Few Thoughts on Being Cynical

A Few Thoughts on Being Cynical Is it acceptable, or just, or good for a human to be cynical? Its an interesting question to be entertained. Ancient Greek Cynics   Being cynical is an attitude that shall not be confused with subscribing to the philosophies of the Ancient Greek cynics. These comprised a school of thinking rooted in the disregard for any social convention in the name of self-sufficiency and freedom of opinion and of agency. While the term cynical derived from the cynics of Ancient Greek philosophy, this is by and large to mock those who displayed a cynical attitude. Yet there were also some analogies between the two, arguably. Cynicism is mix of disillusion and pessimism towards any affair involving humans; this often entails regarding human conventions as either doomed to fail or as existing not for the betterment of the human condition but to sustaining the interests of specific individuals. On the other hand, while Ancient Greek cynics may have been said to aim at attaining a good life, the cynical person may have no such goal; most often than not, she lives by the day and adopts a practical perspective on human affairs. Cynicism and Machiavellism One of the foremost cynical philosophers of modern times is Niccolà ² Machiavelli. In the chapters of the Prince examining the virtues that are proper to a prince, Machiavelli reminds us that many – i.e. Plato, Aristotle, and their followers – have imagined states and kingdoms that never existed, prescribing rulers to maintain behaviors that would be more proper to those living in heaven than to those who live on earth. To Machiavelli, moral norms are most often than not filled with hypocrisy and the prince is not advised to follow them if he wants to preserve power. Machiavelli’s morality is definitely filled with disillusion regarding human affairs; he had witnessed first-hand how rulers had been killed or overthrown for lack of a realistic approach to their endeavors. Is Cynicism Bad? Machiavelli’s example can help us to a great extent, I believe, to sort out the controversial aspects of cynicism. Declaring oneself a cynic is often regarded as a bold statement, almost a challenge to the most basic tenets that hold societies together. Is this really the goal of cynical people, to challenge the status quo and to possibly challenge any attempt to form and sustain a society? Granted, sometimes cynicism may be directed towards a specific constitution; thus, if you believe that the present government – but not any government – shall be interpreted as acting for some interests that differ from the ones that are officially stated and that it is doomed to ruin, then those in government may regard you as their antagonist, if not an enemy. A cynical attitude, nonetheless, may also be non-subversive in its intents. For instance, a person may adopt a cynical attitude as a mechanism of self-defense, that is, as a means to go by daily affairs without being hurt or negatively affected (from an economic or socio-political point of view, for instance). Under this version of the attitude, a cynical person need not have a grand scheme of how a government, or any government, works; nor does she need to have a grand scheme of how people operate; it seems simply more prudent to assume that people act out of self-interest, often overestimating their conditions or ending up being affected by bad luck. It is in this sense, I maintain, that being cynical may be justified, or even at times recommended.

Is the Judicial Branch Still the Weakest Branch of Government Essay

Is the Judicial Branch Still the Weakest Branch of Government - Essay Example Every day, Linda Brown together with her sister had to pass through a risky railroad switchyard to reach the bus stop for the drive to their all black elementary school. The elementary school near the Brown’s house was only for the white students. This prompted Linda Brown together with her family to present this issue to court since it breached the 14th Amendment. The judgment passed by the federal district court was that discrimination in public education was detrimental to black students but since both all- white schools and all black schools had similar transportation, buildings, teachers, as well as, curricula, the court declared the segregation lawful (Olivo 123). Being dissatisfied with the court verdict, the Browns took their case to the Supreme Court asserting that although the facilities were the same, discriminated schools could never be alike to one another. Eventually, the Supreme Court passed their judgment that state laws demanding segregated but equal schools b reached the EPC (Equal protection clause) of the Fourteenth Amendment. This case was relevant since it set the basis for the civil rights movements and provided African Americans with the hope of the removal of segregated but equal on every front policy. In fact, it reversed decades of the segregationist practices in America. Therefore, it is a transformational event, which brought the birth of social and political revolution, and opened the entrances of all public schools to every individual within the US. Additionally, it enabled individuals of different colors have equal chances to a public and free education irrespective of their races and residential places. The judicial unit of the US lacks power to judge, and this choice to carry decisions and make the judgment lies on the executive. As noted by the court’s decision in Brown v. Board of Education, the executive delegates the privilege and holds the communitys sword (Court

Democracy and Citizinship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Democracy and Citizinship - Essay Example They employed varied methodologies, analytical and theoretical approaches in order to provide a clear understanding of political culture across the state. They both revealed the way civic culture should be culturally recognized as a fundamental right and stepping-stone for gaining political, social and economic objectives. In order to make democracy work, engaging citizens in policy making process and recognizing their fundamental rights is requisite. Therefore, this essay compares and contrasts on the issue of civic culture and making democracy work from a theoretical, analytical and methodological perspective from assorted texts. Differences between Civic Culture and Making Democracy Work from a Theoretical, Analytical and Methodological Perspective Almond and Verba carried out comparative cross-national survey in five democratic nations including the United States, United Kingdom, Italy, Germany and Mexico in order to determine the quantified ideas and attitudes that compose civic culture. They employed a comparative fashion for testing individual attitudes as a complex way of understanding the civic culture and democratic system in the five democratic nations. ... 11). They also believe that it is through dissemination of cultural ideas that contribute a stable democracy. Therefore, they limited the research to individual attitudes and avoided the question about government. Almond and Verba employed interview research methodology and posed inquiries about the perception of the perception of individual about the democratic government in relation to citizens (Almond and Verba 1964, p.70). They alienated respondents into three political culture categories, which included the parochial culture, subject and participant culture in order to generate comparability atmosphere to understand democracy (Almond and Verba 1964, p.71). From these categories, they found out that the respondent in parochial culture did not have knowledge or interests in political activities. However, respondents were at least conscious, and they had little information about politics in the case of subject culture. They also understood that their lives were under the government policies. In the last participant aspects of political culture, the respondents in participant culture had fanatically developed political efficacy ideas and competencies as political actors (Lane 1964, p.2). The three categories of political cultural aspects can combine and create change in the political system because they are not jointly exclusive. The political cultures are different because each category differs and they can be further categorized into a number of cleavage members. This is what makes Almond and Verba believe that the combination between the political culture categories can result to a balanced political culture (Almond and Verba 1964, p. 32). Almond and Verba employ comparative methodology to explore the

Franchising as a Strategy for Small Business Growth

Franchising as a Strategy for Small Business Growth This paper is an investigation into whether franchising is as effective a method of expansion for a small business as it is for larger more established businesses. To test this theory a case study of two businesses was prepared, Interlink Express and the Cornish Oggy Oggy Pasty Shop. The case studies on the organisations were compiled from the information on their web sites. Both organisations are a member of the British Franchise Association. These case studies were compared to the literature on the topic. Through researching the topic one factor was revealed as being a major issue in franchising, this was the brand. Both the organisations that were studied are successful within their markets in the UK, and therefore proved to be good examples of franchising. The organisations had different motives for using this method for growth. The paper concludes that with the right brand, small business can be just as successful at franchising for expansion as their larger counterparts. Introduction This paper will investigate whether franchising is as effective a method of expansion for a small business as it is for larger more established businesses. There are many different methods that organisations can use to expand; some of these involve raising large amounts of capital, which is not always an viable option for the smaller business. Businesses whether large or small, must plan what their future needs will be, to move forward. Strategy is the direction and scope of an organisation over the long term: which achieves advantage for the organisation. The strategy answers both the questions where do you want to go? and how do you want to get there? Incorrect or too few resources is a major factor of failure for an organisation’s strategy (Mullins L 2005). Once an organisation has developed its strategy, it can then review the methods open to it for growth. Growth can be achieved by direct expansion, mergers with similar firms, franchising or diversification. Some companies choose to grow, not by developing in the conventional way, but by granting a license to others to sell their product or service. There are clear advantages to this, the market is tested, and larger well-established franchise operations will have national advertising campaigns and a solid trading name (Price, S. 1997). Franchising is basically the permission given by one person, the franchisor, to another person, the franchisee, to use the franchisors trade name, trade marks and business system, in return for an initial payment and further regular payments. In relation to any other small business, franchising has proved to be successful, with 96% of units still operating profitable businesses 5 years down the line. To test the theory on expansion and franchising a case study approach was chosen. Both organisations operate within the UK in different market sectors. The small business that was studied is the Cornish Oggy Oggy Pasty Shop, a local organisation from Cornwall; this organisation is expanding by franchising alone. The larger organisation chosen is Interlink Express; this organisation is well established and has its roots in other countries, therefore it is only their UK operation that was studied. Within the UK it has utilised franchising to successfully expand their operation. The backbone of the paper is the literature review. This discusses contemporary theory on organisational strategy, expansion methods and focuses on franchising within the UK. A lot of articles are written for the USA markets, these were not used as they had little relevance towards the UK. Franchises operations are apparent on every high street in the UK. One of the most important factors is the brand name. This what attracts and retains the customer therefore is it viable for a small business to franchise. The importance of the brand became apparent whilst researching this paper. Kotler (2000) described a brand as a â€Å"name, term, symbol, or design (or a combination of them) which is intended to signify the goods or services of the seller or groups of sellers and to differentiate them from those of the competitors† This brand is a valuable asset to all organisations when franchising. Although, the brand name is often not as strong with a small business as it is with their larger counterparts. Franchising originated from the USA, with major players such as McDonald entering the UK market. Franchising for the individual as a small business underwent massive growth in the UK until 2000. This growth has slowed down, but there are still plenty of opportunities for businesses to expand. This paper concludes that given the right small business, expansion is possible though franchising. This franchising must be controlled to uphold the organisation’s ethos, and the brand they trade with. This chapter discusses the research methods used for the project and the justification for the choice of methods. It discusses methods that were not used, with justification of why they were not included. Included is a critique of methods selected, and with hindsight identifies any changes that would have enhanced the research. This paper evaluates the growth in franchising in the UK, and whether this method of expansion is viable for small and large organisations. Selection of the topic was stimulated and formed out of awareness of the many franchised outlets. On nearly every high street there are numerous fast food outlets, which are franchised, more and more businesses are using this model to expand. The nature of the research was discussed with colleagues and fellow students this not only added practical ideas and suggestions, it opened new avenues of thought. This was the discussed with lecturers sounding out ideas, gauging opinions and clarifying the question. The research topic was still wide; therefore other methods were used to form the research question. Focusing in on the question was obtained by employing relevance trees, narrowing the research area. This gave direction to the research, although with reviewing the literature this changed several times (Buzan, J. 1995). Next, a research proposal was compiled, with the benefit of organising ideas and setting a time-scale for research. Theoretically, the proposal would highlight any difficulties with the research question and access to data. Creating a time-scale would focus on targets and meet deadlines in the completion of the paper. The literature review, discussing theories and ideas that exist on the topic formed the foundation of the paper. The findings from the research are then tested on theories for validity (Saunders, M. et al 1997). The literature review was challenging, there is very little research in books that focuses on small businesses and franchising. Journals and newspaper articles were the backbone for the review, together with Internet sites and reports. A lot published articles are written for the American Market, although they can give useful information, they refer to the American market (Saunders, M. et al 1997). Tertiary data sources, such as library catalogues and indexes were used to scan for secondary data. This produced journals and newspaper articles, and Internet addresses. With the amount of literature, it took time to sort out relevant material to the research. Narrowing down the search Bell’s (1993) six point’s parameters was applied. Applying key words that were identified in the first search produced relevant and up-to-date material (Bell, J.1993). A limitation on the literature search was the amount of time to read all articles and books on the subject. Whilst reviewing the literature references to other publications were followed and reviewed. Bells checklist on identifying the relevance of literature found was a practical method to reduce the amount of reading (Bell, J. 1993). To compare two organisations it was decided to do case studies. The organisations chosen both offer franchising in the UK, actively promoting it on their web sites. The case studies of organisations will be reviewed and compared to the literature. The small organisation is expanding though franchising, the larger international organisation uses franchising as part of its overall strategy. These organisations have both applied the franchising business model to their expansion strategy. These organisations were selected from the British Franchise Association web site. Other methods of data collection were considered and rejected. Interviewing owners of franchises would not have revealed the overall organisational strategy, and the success of their expansion methods. The idea of Focus groups would have offered free flowing information; this could have been facilitated with discussion led by the researcher. This method was rejected due to the limited contacts within the chosen organisations; this also it could have been considered unethical to place pressure on their goodwill. The majority of information on their strategies is readily available on the organisations web sites. This information proved valuable when compiling the case studies. This section of the paper will discuss current theory on franchising and fundamental management theory. It discusses choices that are open to organisations when deciding on a strategy, for both small and large organisations. This section will focus on franchising in the UK; this information will be then compared to the case studies. Organisational strategy is the pattern of decisions that determines and reveals to stakeholders the organisations intent; this is achieved through their objectives, purposes, and goals. The organisation identifies where they strategically want to be, and introduces policies and procedures which put in place to achieve these goals. When the strategy is formulated, it will allocate the resources based on its relative internal competencies and shortcomings, and predictable changes in the environment. Strategies are developed at the top level of management, with instructions to the lower levels of management to implement them. Johnson Scholes (1997) concluded â€Å"strategic intent is the desired future state of the organisation†¦which seeks to focus the energies of the members of the organisation (Johnson J Scholes K 1997:15). All organisations require strategic plans to move them forward; some are needed to overcome specific problems within the organisation or the market place. These are long term management decisions that are aimed to place the organisation where the members have decide will be the most strategic place for them. It is the matching of the organisation to the environment; this will lead to â€Å"strategic fit† This is the ideal environment for the organisation to operate within (Reader, A 1998). Managerial decisions are made to identify what is required to implement the new strategy. Are new resources are required? I.e. property, finance or employees, then the risk should be assessed for its long-term value to the organisation. Strategies should not only be considered on how they will affect existing resource capabilities, but also if needed new resources and how they will be controlled. The costs to the organisation should be weighed against the long-term gains, and if needed it can be reviewed, accessed and amended accordingly (G, Johnson K, Scholes, 1997). Therefore strategic decisions will affect the operational level of an organisation, which needs to be in tune with long term goals of the organisation. This factor is important in decision-making; firstly if the operational level is not in line with the strategic level this can cause conflict and jeopardise the strategy, secondly it is at the operational of an organisation that the real strategy is achieved. Procedures and policies should be constantly reviewed, to ensure correct implementation of the strategy (G, Johnson K, Scholes, 1997). Strategy is the direction and scope of an organisation over the long term: which achieves advantage for the organisation through its configuration of resources within a changing environment, to meet needs of the markets and fulfil stakeholder expectations. The strategy answers both the questions where do you want to go? and how do you want to get there? The first question is answered when the goals are set; the second is answered when the strategies are planned. The traditional approach basically focused on the first question although equal importance should be given to both questions. Incorrect or too few resources is a major factor of failure for an organisation’s strategy (Mullins L 2005). A portfolio analysis will review the current position of the organisations products within the chosen markets. Ansoff (1987) developed a product growth matrix, which reviews current products and their markets; this will also highlight new markets that entry to can be considered. Ansoff considered reviewing the portfolio â€Å"as only one part of the equation for a successful strategy† To formulate a successful strategy more than one review of their current position will clearly identify any problematic areas. The greater the information gathered the greater the chance of success of a new strategy (Ansoff (1987) cited in Groucutt, J. et al 2004:212). Organisations need to continually review their strategic position, and then decide how and when to grow. Robbins (1995) defined growth (expansion) as improvement in operation of an organisation, including in general measurements, such as more revenue, increase staffing and market share. Growth can be achieved by direct expansion, mergers with similar firms, franchising or diversification (Robbins, S 1995). The traditional growth moves for organisations are acquisitions, mergers, international expansion, or price increases, these it is argued have largely run out of steam. Therefore for most organisations pursuing new growth opportunities should be the number-one priority. Growth moves fall along a spectrum, ranging from traditional product innovation ie. improving features and brand extensions to longer-term strategies such as taking core capabilities to new markets. Managing new growth requires an active feedback loop of constantly monitoring the progress of each initiative, its changing probability of success, and its shifting risk profile (Burnes, B. 2000) Mergers and acquisitions were an enormous factor of the 1990s growth, as MA activity grew sevenfold from 1994 to 1999. But acquisitions rarely produce new value and sometimes lead to disaster. International markets, are often viewed as a rich field for growth, in reality they hold little opportunity for future sustained gains in many industries. Markets in Western Europe and Japan are as competitive and mature as in the United States. And emerging markets, are characterized by weak consumer and industrial purchasing power, inefficient distribution channels, and protectionist laws that favour local players (Burnes, B. 2000) Mergers combine two or more companies into a single corporation. In business, a merger is achieved when a company purchases the property of other firms, thus absorbing them into one corporate structure that retains its original identity. This differs from a consolidation, in which several concerns are dissolved in order to form a completely new company, or a takeover, which is a purchase of a company against its will. In a merger the purchaser may make an outright payment in cash or in company stock, or may decide on some other arrangement such as the exchange of bonds. The purchaser then acquires the assets and liabilities of the other firms. When two companies directly competing with each other merge, it is horizontal integration; when suppliers and customers merge, the process is vertical integration (Johnson, G Scholes J 2004). Growth through price increases worked over the past decade in industries such as airlines, chemicals, financial services, and consumer products, as underlying demand was bolstered by the 1990s economic expansion. But in all of these industries, companies have run out of room to push through reflexive price increases as demand has slackened and competition has intensified (Johnson, G Scholes J 2004). For a small set of companies new growth is not an immediate concern, as their current growth strategies remain robust. But for most organisations pursuing new growth opportunities is the number-one priority. Today most products, even complex ones such as PCs or airplanes, are largely undifferentiated in terms of performance; so improved product functionality offers little. Fortunately, in most industries a wide range of higher-order customer needs is go unmet. These needs involve the broader economic issues surrounding the product rather than the strictly functional needs met by the product itself (Burnes, B. 2000). Growth moves fall along a spectrum of categories, ranging from traditional product innovation moves such as improving features and brand extensions to longer-term strategies such as taking core capabilities to new markets. Most companies tend to over-invest in areas they are familiar with and have well-established processes and systems (Johnson, G Scholes J 2004). Over the past two decades, the franchising industry has experienced a phase of renewed expansion and continued growth, the advent of new forms of franchising has further added to this growth. Globalisation accounted for much of franchising expansion between the 1960s and the 1980s, new industry segments, such as funeral homes and car repair garages, have been adopting franchising as a means to conduct business based on its standardisation promise. The expansion of older industry segments into non-traditional sites, such as airports, colleges, and hospitals, has allowed for another push in the growth of franchise systems. Through all of these developments, a major portion of the more recent growth can be attributed to the emergence of franchise owners who own more than the traditional single outlet (Grà ¼nhagen, M and Dorsch, M 2003). Brands A valuable asset to all organisations, is the brand name of the product, this is then a vital component when franchising. Kotler (2000) described a brand as a â€Å"name, term, symbol, or design (or a combination of them) which is intended to signify the goods or services of the seller or groups of sellers and to differentiate them from those of the competitors† (Kotler (2000) cited in Groucutt, J et al 2004:275). The brand is part of the products tangible features, it is the verbal and physical clues that help the consumer identify what they want and to influence choice (Groucutt, J et al 2004). The actual word â€Å"brand† is derived from a Norse word which means to â€Å"burn†. It is assumed that this means to imprint ideas or symbols on a product. This then gives the product identification and leaves a lasting mark on the consumer (Groucutt, J et al 2004). Because product features are easily imitated brands have been considered a marketers major tool for creating product differentiation. Even when differentiation based on product characteristics is possible, often consumers do not feel motivated or able to analyse them in adequate depth. Therefore the combination of brand name and brand significance has become a core competitive asset in an ever-growing number of contexts. Brands incite beliefs, evoke emotions and prompt behaviours (Aaker, D. (1991) cited in Kotler, P Gertner, D. 2002:249). Once a brand is established it requires nurturing, to bring out the full potential and add value to the organisation. Kashani (1999) believes that powerful brands are built over time through a conscious management effort. This is achieved through strategic decision-making and appropriate actions. All brands â€Å"need to be based on values and attributes that are permanent and, purposeful and fundamental to its strategy† (Kashani (1999) cited in Groucutt, J et al 2004:285). Therefore by creating such values in an organisation it will provide direction and a future for the brand. A brand with strong â€Å"brand equity† is a valuable asset to an organisation. This asset is difficult to measure; although it has emerged as key strategic asset. A powerful brand enjoys a high level of consumer awareness and loyalty, with the organisation benefiting from lower marketing costs relative to revenues. Consumers expect more outlets to carry strong brands; therefore the organisation has more leverage when bargaining with retailers. This all adds to the â€Å"brands equity†, which needs to be managed by the organisation (Kotler, P. et al 2005). This brand asset management is a concept that is closely related to positioning, since certain brands are central to a companys current and future performance. They need to be managed, enhanced and protected as assets. This allows brand names like Coca-Cola, Sony, Intel and Disney to extend into new product categories, and produce product variants and services (Kotler, P. 2004). What is Franchising? The term franchising has been used to describe many different forms of business relationships, including licensing, distributor and agency arrangements. The more popular use of the term has arisen from the development of what is called business format franchising. Business format franchising is the granting of a license by one person (the franchisor) to another (the franchisee), which entitles the franchisee to trade under the trade mark/trade name of the franchisor and to make use of an entire package, comprising all the elements necessary to establish a previously untrained person in the business and to run it with continual assistance on a pre determined basis (Kotler, P, et al 2005). The principle is simple; some companies choose to grow, not by developing in the conventional way, but by granting a license to others to sell their product or service. There are clear advantages to this, the market is tested, and larger well-established franchise operations will have national advertising campaigns and a solid trading name Some franchisors can also help secure funding and discounted bulk buy supplies for outlets when you are in operation (Price, S. 1997). Each business outlet is owned and operated by the franchisee; however, the franchisor retains control over the way in which products and services that are marketed and sold, and controls the quality and standards of the business. The franchisor will receive an initial fee from the franchisee, payable at the outset, together with on-going management service fees, usually based on a percentage of annual turnover or mark-ups on supplies. In return, the franchisor has an obligation to support the franchise network, notably with training, product development, advertising, promotional activities and with a specialist range of management services (Kotler, P, et al 2005). Franchising is essentially the permission given by one person, the franchisor, to another person, the franchisee, to use the franchisors trade name, trade marks and business system, in return for an initial payment and further regular payments. In a UK franchise industry currently worth  £9.1 billion and comprising 718 franchised units (Nat West UK British Franchise Association Annual Survey of Franchising 2004). In relation to any other small business, franchising has proved to be successful, with 96% of units still operating profitable businesses 5 years down the line. Only 66% of small firms survive the first 3 years (Small Business Service Report 2005). There is (some) evidence to suggest that franchises are less likely to fail than other types of small business organisations (Small Business Service Report 2005). A franchise is defined as a long-term, continuing business relationship in which for a consideration, the franchisor grants to the franchisee a licensed right, subject to agreed requirements and restrictions, to conduct business utilising the trade and/or service marks of the franchisor and also provides to the franchisee advice and assistance in organising, merchandising, and managing the business conducted to the licensee (Price, S. 1997). The franchisor develops a special product, service, or system and gains national recognition. The franchisor then grants a right or license to small, independent businessmen throughout the country to merchandise this service or product under the national trademark and in accordance with a proven, successful format. This increases the franchisors exposure for more national business and gives the franchisee a greater chance for success in a given field with a smaller amount of capital investment (Price, S. 1997) Code of Ethics for Franchising The UK Code of Ethical Conduct in franchising takes as its foundation the Code developed by the European Franchise Federation. In adopting the Code, the Federation recognised that national requirements may necessitate certain other clauses or provisions and delegated responsibility for the presentation and implementation of the Code in their own country to individual member National Franchise Associations. The Extension and Interpretation, which follows the European Code, has been adopted by the British Franchise Association, and agreed by the European Franchise Federation, for the application of the European Code of Ethics for Franchising by the British Franchise Association within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (www.thebfa.org). The European Franchise Federation, EFF, was constituted on 23rd September 1972. Its members are national franchise associations or federations established in Europe. The EFF also accepts affiliates, i.e. non-European franchise associations or federations, and other professional persons, interested in or concerned with franchising. Affiliates have no voting rights and cannot be appointed officers of the EFF (www.thebfa.org). The EFF also comprises a Legal Committee, composed of two lawyers from each national member association or federation and highly qualified in franchise matters. The EFF has, furthermore, installed a Franchise Arbitration Committee, which is at the disposal of parties preferring to submit their disputes to the latters determination. The evolution and the ever-growing importance of franchising in the EC economy as well as the EC Block Exemption Regulation for franchise agreements, entered into force on 1st February 1989, prompted the EFF to revise its existing Code of Ethics (www.thebfa.org). The motives differ between small and large organisations when they are using franchising for growth. Franchising is fast becoming one of the most popular entry mode strategies for international retail companies when moving into international markets. Though initially slow to respond to this practical phenomenon occurring in the international retailing domain, the academic community has also been gradually turning its attention to the nature of international franchising, in the context of retailer internationalisation (Quinn, B Alexander N 2002). Despite this increase in the practical use of franchising, academic attention has only recently been afforded to the nature of international franchising in the context of retailer internationalisation. Control is an issue of serious concern for international franchise companies. It is becoming a particularly important issue for international organisations as they continue to employ franchising as a mode of expansion in internationally diverse economies, and in locations geographically distant from the home market (Quinn, D Doherty A 2000). In terms of market entry mode strategies available to international retail companies, franchising has proved an increasingly popular mode of operation in recent times (Burt, 1993 cited in Quinn, D Doherty A 2000) Franchising has historically been a favoured mode of expansion among service sector companies, particularly the fast food restaurant business. However, a diverse range of retail companies has become aware of the advantages for international expansion, which the franchise strategy may bring. Therefore, the strategy has been adopted not only by niche retailers, for example, Benetton, Body Shop and Yves Rocher, but also other retailers such as Casino (France), GIB (Belgium) and UK variety stores Marks Spencer and BhS, where it has been employed as only one of a range of entry strategies (Quinn, D Doherty A 2000). Studies have identified how complex the expansion practiced in small busines is and how it can strategically gain a competitive advantage over a competitor. Although these studies have also conluded that expansion is often seen as peripheral to some small firms requirements. Research has found some small businesses use sophisticated marketing strategies and others use no form marketing (Klemz, B and Boshoff, C 2001) The small firm has always been viewed as the budding large firm, and Alfred Marshalls analogy of the young plant in the nursery seedbed is applicable today as it was in the nineteenth century, of course most of these tender young shoots are destined not to survive. Marketing of products and service can develop the business, increasing turnover and profit (Alfred Marshall cited in Day J 2000). Smaller firms share a number of characteristics differentiating them from larger organisations, that lead to marketing problems. These include, limited customer base, limited activity, fewere resourcrs, owner/managers marketing competency, no formalised planning and evolutionary marketing, and, innovation, niches and gaps. The relationship and affinity that many SME owners/managers have with their customer base has frequently been cited as an advantage. It is considered that the best strategy a small business can adopt is to fully appreciate and exploit any existing customer base, prior to attempting an expansion of this base (Klemz, B and Boshoff, C 2001) One argument with marketing in SME,s is that it differs from the larger organisation, it requires more intuitiveness, creativeness, networking is of higher importance and more about operating under extreme time pressure. Day J (2000) stated, â€Å"Encouraging small firms to act both intuitively and flexibly is not tantamount to condoning sloppy and careless thinking, nor equally, is it an excuse to impose rigid and conservative business school models on them† Therefore the smaller businesses require their own models to be based on (Day. J. 2000:1036) For these SME’s to reach international achievement, they not only have the appropriate product and strategy, but the decision makers must have the appropriate attitudes as well (Calof, 1994). It is these attitudes that determine how decision makers perceive the benefits, costs and risks of internationalisation (Calof (1994) cited in Chetty, S and Campbell-hunt.C 2003). These attitudes that will shape international decisions are based on the decision-makers past experiences (Chetty, S Campbell-hunt. C. 2003) Resources or the allocation of resources are a key factor to the success of any marketing strategy. There are a number of different theorisations of processes of development in a firms international operations. Cavusgil and Nevin, (1981) considered â€Å"internationalisation to be a gradual, sequential process through different stages, with the firm increasing its commitment to international operations as it proceeded through each stage† The most often used model is the Uppsala process model. It emphasises learning by focusing on market knowledge and commitment. To minimise risk and overcome uncertainty, it says that firms internationalise in a step-by-step process. As firms gain market knowledge they commit more resources to the market (Cavusgil and Nevin, (1981) cited in Chetty, S and Campbell-hunt,