Biography of Queen Charlotte

Queen Charlotte (born Sophia Charlotte of Mecklenberg-Strelitz) was the Queen of England from 1761–1818. Her husband, King George III, suffered from mental illness, and Charlotte ultimately served as his guardian until her death. Charlotte is also known for the possibility that she possessed multiracial heritage, which would make her Englands first multiracial royal. Fast Facts: Queen Charlotte Full Name: Sophia Charlotte of Mecklenburg-StrelitzKnown For: Queen of England (1761–1818)Born: May 19, 1744 in Mirow, Germany Died:  November 17, 1818 in Kew, EnglandSpouses Name: King George III Early Life Sophia Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz was born in 1744, the eighth child of Duke Charles Louis Frederick of Mecklenburg and his wife, Princess Elisabeth Albertine of Saxe-Hildburghausen, at the family castle in Mirow, Germany. Like other young ladies of her station, Charlotte was educated at home by private tutors. Charlotte was taught the basics of language, music, and art, but much of her education was focused on domestic life and household management, in preparation for future as a wife and mother. Charlotte and her siblings were also educated in religious matters by a priest who lived with the family. When Charlotte was seventeen years old, she was sent from Germany to marry George III, five years her senior. George had ascended to the throne following the death of his father, George II, and was as yet unmarried. Since he would soon need an heir of his own, and Charlotte was from a minor duchy in the northern part of Germany that had no political machinations, she must have seemed like a perfect match. Charlotte arrived in England on September 7, 1761, and the next day, met her prospective groom for the first time. She and George were married that evening, just a few hours after meeting. Charlotte the Queen Although she spoke no English at first, Charlotte learned the language of her new country quickly. Her heavy German accent and tumultuous relationship with George’s mother, Princess Augusta, made it difficult for her to adapt to English court life. Although Charlotte attempted to expand her social circle, Augusta challenged her every step of the way, even going as far as to replace Charlotte’s German ladies-in-waiting with English ladies of Augusta’s choosing. Heritage Images / Getty Images Over the years, Charlotte and George had fifteen children together, thirteen of whom survived to adulthood. She was pregnant regularly, yet still managed to find time to organize the decoration of a lodge in Windsor Park, which was where she and her family spent most of their time. In addition, she educated herself about diplomatic matters, and exercised a quiet and discreet influence over her husband’s political affairs, both foreign and domestic. In particular, she became involved in English-German relations, and may have had some influence in British intervention in Bavaria. Charlotte and George were avid patrons of the arts, taking a particular interest in German music and composers. Their court hosted performances by Bach and Mozart, and they enjoyed the compositions of Handel and many others. Charlotte was also an active gardener, with a scientific interest in botany that led her to help expand Kew Gardens. The Madness of King George Charlotte’s husband suffered from intermittent bouts of mental illness throughout his adult life. During the first episode in 1765, George’s mother Augusta and Prime Minister Lord Bute managed to keep Charlotte completely unaware of what was happening. In addition, they made sure she was kept in the dark about the Regency Bill, which stated that in the event of George’s full incapacity, Charlotte herself would become Regent. Two decades later, in 1788, George became ill again, and this time it was much worse. By now, Charlotte was well aware of the Regency Bill, but still had to battle against the Prince of Wales, who had designs of his own on the Regency. When George recovered the following year, Charlotte deliberately sent a message by refusing to allow the Prince of Wales to attend a ball held in honor of the Kings return to health. Charlotte and the prince reconciled in 1791. Gradually, over the next few years, George descended into permanent madness. In 1804, Charlotte moved into separate quarters, and seems to have adopted a policy of avoiding her husband entirely. By 1811, George was declared insane and placed under Charlottes guardianship, as per the Regency Bill of 1789. This scenario remained the same until Charlottes death in 1818. Print Collector / Getty Images Potential Multiracial Heritage Charlottes contemporaries described her as having an unmistakable African appearance. Historian Mario de Valdes y Cocom contends that although Charlotte was German, her family was distantly descended from a 13th-century black ancestor. Other historians take issue with Valdes theory, arguing that with a black ancestor nine generations back, its nearly impossible to consider Charlotte multi-racial. During her reign as Queen, Charlotte was the subject of racially-charged insults about her appearance. Sir Walter Scott said that her relatives from the House of Mecklenburg-Strelitz were ill-colored, orang-outang looking figures, with black eyes and hook-noses. Charlottes physician, Baron Stockmar, described her as having â€Å"a true mulatto face.† Conclusive evidence of Charlottes ancestry has likely been lost to history. Nevertheless, it remains important to reflect upon this element of her story, as well as to consider how the concepts of race and royalty play out in society today. Sources Blakemore, Erin. â€Å"Meghan Markle Might Not Be the First Mixed-Race British Royal.† History.com, AE Television Networks, www.history.com/news/biracial-royalty-meghan-markle-queen-charlotte.Jeffries, Stuart. â€Å"Stuart Jeffries: Was the Consort of George III Britains First Black Queen?† The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 12 Mar. 2009, www.theguardian.com/world/2009/mar/12/race-monarchy.â€Å"Philippa of Hainault.† Charles II., www.englishmonarchs.co.uk/plantagenet_35.html.Waxman, Olivia B. â€Å"Is Meghan Markle the First Black Royal? Why We Dont Know.† Time, Time, 18 May 2018, time.com/5279784/prince-harry-meghan-markle-first-black-mixed-race-royal/.

Questions on Articles by Christopher D. Stone and Work by Milton Friedman - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 639 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/09/16 Category Business Essay Type Narrative essay Tags: Capitalism Essay Did you like this example? 1. What criticisms does Friedman raise against business managers who engage in socially responsible practices? Explain. Friedman criticizes business managers who engage in socially responsible behavior by using the argument that there is a different set of criteria for social responsible behavior of a person, who happens to be a corporate executive (businessman) versus that same person acting as an individual in a free-society. A business manager’s main responsibility is to maximize the profit of the corporation. When that person combines those roles and directs a corporation to take on a social responsible cause, because it would either increase cost or decrease revenue, it would be equivalent to a tax on the customers, shareholders and employees without their consent and in some cases, knowledge. Friedman further argues that a business manager who engages in socially responsible activities is in effect acting as a socialistic governmental agent in that a social ist government acts in the interest of the people it is set up to govern, while not fostering a free market or cultivating capitalism. A corporate executive would count on capitalism to ensure profits are maximized. In short, a business manager cannot successfully have a split focus on the goals of the corporation. If he is going to maximize profits, he cannot actively partake in socially responsible activities. Friedman says the political principle that underlies the market mechanism is unanimity (agreement) and the principle that underlies the political mechanism is conformity. Explain. The political principal that underlies the market mechanism of unanimity is in a sense opposite to the principle that underlies the political mechanism. Unanimity calls for voluntary cooperation that does not require social values beyond what the group agrees upon. In conformity, people may disagree, but must still cooperate with the decision. As it would be impossible to get all of the peopl e to agree all of the time, utilizing unanimity would be impractical, which would automatically assume that the political mechanism would have a greater chance of utilization than the market mechanism. 2. What criticism(s) does Christopher Stone raise against a view like Friedmans? Explain. The criticism that Stone raises is that namely corporations are not people and that there are important differences between human beings and artificial beings (corporations). Stone would further argue that the corporation did not make a direct agreement with the shareholder that the sole responsibility of the corporation is to maximize profit since most shareholders are not the original purchasers of the outstanding shares. According to Stone, a shareholder would have a certain expectation of how the shares they purchase will perform at the time of purchase and that although the shareholder has that belief, it is not an implicit contract to perform in that manner. The projected performance may not even include the maximization of profit in the stocks underlying expectation. Stone’s position allows for a split focus for a business manager in that although the corporation should be lead in a way that allows for profitability, the business manager should not be prohibited to engage in socially responsible activities or causes. How might Friedman respond? Friedman would argue that a corporation’s business manager has a duty to the shareholders to maximize profits, not to be socially responsible and that these are independent activities. Although the shares more likely than not were purchased from a previous shareholder as opposed to the corporation, for Friedman, there would still be an inherent expectation that the leader of a corporation act in a way that maximizes profits, regardless of who the promise is originally made to. The business manager who engages in socially responsible activities is acting on a personal nature and these activities could be at the expense of corporate profit, which in Friedman’s view is a tax that the shareholders may not be aware of and would not approve. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Questions on Articles by Christopher D. Stone and Work by Milton Friedman" essay for you Create order

Essay about European Imperialism - 896 Words

European imperialism during 1450-1750, began as a plan to gain more riches for the European nations. The Europeans did this for three main reasons, which were for God, Gold, and Glory. The Europeans domination over Latin America, Africa and Asia were made out to be good for the native people of these lands. However, the Europeans were not there to help these geographic areas. They were there to spread their influence and gain riches for themselves and the European nations. The successes and failures of the Europeans and non Europeans would decide their relationship status for as long as they could co-exist. In Latin America, Cortes who was the conqueror of Mexico, and Pizarro the conqueror of Peru and the Incans, would control the†¦show more content†¦Instead, the Latin Americans were auctioned off and forced into slavery. After taking the gold, ruling over the people, and forcing them into slavery, the Spanish did nothing to help out the people of Latin America. European domination in Africa began because the Portuguese wanted to establish a faster route to India. Yet, when the Portuguese arrived they began to set up a trade of gold, slaves and ivory. The Europeans pretended to be Christian humanitarians and attempted to convert the Africans to Christians. They used god to justify their mistreatment of the natives. Many of the natives did convert to Christianity and accepted the Europeans mistreatments. The Europeans set up port cities on the African coast in order to help their ships on their journey to India. At the port cities, they could stop, rest, and replenish their supplies. The Europeans would attempt to turn the different African tribes against each other and started many tribal wars throughout Africa. When a tribe was conquered, the remaining members would be transported back to Europe and the Americas in order to be sold into slavery, and their villages would be raided for any potential riches the Europeans could sell or use. Creating these tribal wars gave the Europeans money and also eliminated possible enemies from the land. The Europeans tried to use the same methods they hadShow MoreRelatedEuropean Imperialism in Africa Essay1405 Words   |  6 Pageslate 1800’s, was starting for a land grab in the African continent. Around 1878, most of Africa was unexplored, but by 1914, most of Africa, with the lucky exception of Liberia and Ethiopia, was carved up between European powers. There were countless motivations that spurred the European powers to carve Africa, like economical, political, and socio–cultural, and there were countless attitudes towards this expansion into Africa, some of approval and some of condemnation. Europe in this period wasRead MoreEuropean Imperialism And The Colonization Of Africa984 Words   |  4 PagesAmongst the 1870s and 1900, Africa confronted European imperialist hostility, political pressures, military assaults, and ultimately the conquest and colonization. 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In examining the values and ideologies this text endorses and challenges, the society of the time (Elizabethan England), and a knowledge of how it operated serves a greatRead MoreImperialism Dbq Ap European History846 Words   |  4 PagesBetween the period from 1880 to 1914, European powers went after overseas empires in Africa. The governments and political leaders of the European powers believed that this colonization of the African empires was necessary to maintain their global influence. A second group of people supposed that African colonization was the result of the greedy Capitalists who \only cared for new resources and markets. The third group of people claimed it to be their job to enlighten a nd educate the uncivilizedRead More The Compelling Motives of European Imperialism Essay794 Words   |  4 PagesThe Compelling Motives of Imperialism The presence of Europe in Africa in the late nineteenth century was one of extreme power. 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During the Scramble for Africa in the late nineteenth century, the most powerful European nations desired to conquer, dominate and exploit African colonies with the hope of building an empire. According to Derrick Murphy, in 1875 only ten percent of Africa was occupied by European states. Twenty years later only ten percent rem ained unoccupied. There wereRead MoreEuropean Imperialism - Dbq Essay804 Words   |  4 Pagesthe history of the world, imperialism has played a major role. Imperialism is one country’s complete domination of the political, economic, and social life of another country. Imperialism has many positive and negative effects. The Age of Imperialism is considered 1800 - 1914. During this time Europe became a major world leader. European countries set up colonies all over Africa, Latin America, and Asia, and encouraged their citizens to populate them. European imperialism boosted Europe’s economyRead MoreEuropean Imperialism in Africa Essays1457 Words   |  6 PagesImperialism By the late 19th and early 20th century, Europe was expanding its borders. In an attempt to grow its economy and culture, Europe’s superpowers began to search for new soil. Africa was an easy target; it wasn’t politically secure and it wasn’t modernized. In addition, it had reliable soil which would enable Europe to produce cash crops. European nations began to pour into Africa, called the Scramble for Africa. Soon, Europe took control of Africa, taking raw materials and destroyed African

Key Issues Relating To Human Resource Management †Free Samples

Question: What Is The Key Issues Relating To Human Resource Management? Answer: Introduction Three key issues relating to Human Resource Management in an organization are selected for this task. The issues selected are Performance Management, Employee Health and Safety and Employee Wellbeing. Performance management is the tool used by managers and Human Resource Department of the company to improve overall productivity of the firm while contributing to their work objective (Cascio 2014). Employee Healthcare, Safety and Wellbeing relates to his mental and physical health. It involves providing facility and infrastructure which enhances their health (Fabius et al. 2013). Table Outlining Academic Sources Title Mains Points (3 Bullet Points) Source Of Research Data Validity Of Article Useful Page References Your Thoughts Leveraging employer branding, performance management and human resource development to enhance employee retention Employer branding differentiates an employer from another Appropriate feedback, development and compensation ensure better performance management Innovative methods revolving around digitization and internet shall be adopted to train and involve employees secondary data, meta analysis Valid, Authentic source of data 122-127 The author discusses various aspects well and has valid source of data to make his study relevant. Performance Management: Perceiving Goals As Invariable And Implications For Perceived Job Autonomy And Work Performance Perceiving goals as invariable is negatively related to job autonomy which affects performance of employees Employees with higher education and higher level are more discrete about perceived invariable goals and job autonomy. provide job autonomy to enable employees make discrete judgement when goals are redundant Primary data, survey, Hypothesis study. Valid, Human Resource Management Journal 401-410 The research has been conducted on the basis of surveys and hypothetical study has been conducted which makes the research useful and adds to the study of employee performance management. The Relationship Between Line Manager Behaviour, Perceived HRM Practices, And Individual Performance Level of employee engagement is positively related to line managers behaviour. HRM shall focus on deployment, development and training of line managers. HRM impact on employee performance is thus indirect Secondary Primary Data, Hypothesis Study Valid, Department of Human Resource Studies, Tilburg University 840-855 The research links between HRM practices, line managers and individual performance and concludes the individual performance depends on managers. The research sets base for further research on same grounds. The Link Between Workforce Health and Safety and the Health of the Bottom Line Focus on well being improves performance and reduces health care cost Provides competitive advantage that benefits the investors Investment on employee health helps drive more revenue per employee Meta Analysis, Primary Data. Valid, data collected from authentic sources, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 993-999 The report concludes link between employee well being and increased productivity which shall be adapted by all the organization keeping in mind the deteriorating health of workforce. Workplace Mistreatment Climate and Potential Employee and Organizational Outcomes Better psychological climate leads to less mistreatment, emotional strain and better job attitude. Supportive work environment reduces mistreatment. Lower focus on mistreatment lead to higher focus on job and related task. Secondary, four empirical data Valid, Journal of Occupational Health Psychology 1-21 The researcher has linked how workplace mistreatment can affect its employees productivity and how managers can overcome such situation. How the impact of HR practices on employee wellbeing and performance changes with age Association between HR development practices and well-being weakens with age Association between HR maintenance practices and well-being strengthens with age Association between HR enrichment practices and job performance strengthens with age Primary, Hypothesis Testing, employees of three organization of UK Valid, Human Resource Management Journal 18-35 The report aimed at analysing the relation between employee well being and job performance with their age and where company should invest its effort and resources. Workplace resources to improve both employee well-being and performance Intrinsic motivation: resources may fulfil basic requirements Extrinsic motivation: resources may help employees thus perform better Resources are associated with well being and performance at all levels. Meta Analysis, Secondary data. Valid, International Journal of Work, Health Organisations 1-20 The research links between available workplace resources and employee well being at all level. Optimising Employee Mental Health The extent of job crafting affects the extent of satisfaction of psychological needs. Job crafting helps employees correlate their work objectives and personal goals. This promotes their well being and performance. Primary Data, Job Crafting Questionnaire, Need Satisfaction Scale, Mental Health Continuum Valid, Data from Authentic Sources 957- 970 The research provides base for studying how job crafting can influence employees well being and performance in the organization. Engaged, Workaholic, Burned-Out or Just 9-to-5? Work investor depends upon employees capacity to work. Heavy work investors: workaholic and work oriented Soft investor: less energetic, 9-5 workers Primary and Secondary Sources. 786 respondents. Valid, Authentic sources of data. 71-80 Depending upon the work investor, the well being can be influenced on the level of work. The moderating role of rumination on the relationship between organizational politics and employee attitudes, well-being, and performance Politics has direct and negative effect on employee outcome Rumination exacerbate the effect of politics Ruminators are less likely to cope with politics. Primary data, varied employees for particular study. Valid, Authentic data source 177-185 The research successfully relates various concepts and gain comprehendible results. Assessment 2 Plan To write an essay in assessment two, the three key issues of Human Resource Management in the organization will be introduced and explained in detail. The three issues selected for the assessment are Performance Management, Employee Health and Safety and Employee Wellbeing. Further, the available literature on the three topics will be reviewed thoroughly to analyse the existing study on these issues. Further, the challenges faced by the management of the company relating to these issues will be analysed. Various journals and researches mentioned in the table will be analyzed and summarized in the essay to provide all round knowledge on the subject. Finally, the essay will be concluded with recommendations for management to improve these issues in an organization.; References Alfes, K., Truss, C., Soane, E., Rees, C. and Gatenby, M., 2013. The Relationship Between Line Manager Behavior, Perceived HRM Practices, and Individual Performance: Examining the Mediating Role of Engagement. Human Resource Management, 52(6), pp.839-859. Cascio, W., 2014. Leveraging employer branding, performance management and human resource development to enhance employee retention. Human Resource Development International, 17(2), pp.121-128. Fabius, R., Thayer, R., Konicki, D., Yarborough, C., Peterson, K., Isaac, F., Loeppke, R., Eisenberg, B. and Dreger, M., 2013. The Link Between Workforce Health and Safety and the Health of the Bottom Line. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 55(9), pp.993-1000. Kooij, D., Guest, D., Clinton, M., Knight, T., Jansen, P. and Dikkers, J., 2012. How the impact of HR practices on employee well-being and performance changes with age. Human Resource Management Journal, 23(1), pp.18-35. Kuvaas, B., Buch, R. and Dysvik, A., 2014. Performance Management: Perceiving Goals as Invariable and Implications for Perceived Job Autonomy and Work Performance. Human Resource Management, 55(3), pp.401-412. Nielsen, K., Nielsen, M., Ogbonnaya, C., Knsl, M., Saari, E. and Isaksson, K., 2017. Workplace resources to improve both employee well-being and performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Work Stress, 31(2), pp.101-120. Rosen, C. and Hochwarter, W., 2014. Looking back and falling further behind: The moderating role of rumination on the relationship between organizational politics and employee attitudes, well-being, and performance. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 124(2), pp.177-189. Salanova, M., Del Lbano, M., Llorens, S. and Schaufeli, W., 2013. Engaged, Workaholic, Burned-Out or Just 9-to-5? Toward a Typology of Employee Well-being. Stress and Health, 30(1), pp.71-81. Slemp, G. and Vella-Brodrick, D., 2013. Optimising Employee Mental Health: The Relationship Between Intrinsic Need Satisfaction, Job Crafting, and Employee Well-Being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 15(4), pp.957-977. Yang, L., Caughlin, D., Gazica, M., Truxillo, D. and Spector, P., 2014. Workplace mistreatment climate and potential employee and organizational outcomes: A meta-analytic review from the targets perspective. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 19(3), pp.315-335.